w. 


>^ 


The,,  .. 
MODERN  HEALTH  CRUSADE 


A  National  Program  of 
Health  Instruction  in  Schools 


Manual  for  Teachers, 
Superintendents  and  Health  Workers 

Fifth  Edition.     Copyright  1922 


Published  by  the 

NATIONAL  TUBERCULOSIS  ASSOCIATION 

370  Seventh  Avenue,  New  York 


NATIONAL  COUNCIL  FOR  THE  MODERN  HEALTH  CRUSADE 


DR.  JOHN  W.  ABERCROMBIE 
Montgomery,  Ala. 

MISS  JESSIE  H.  BANCROFT 
New  York  City 

MRS.  ELMER  BLAIR 
New  York  City 


MR.  OWEN  R.  LOVEJOY 
New  York  City 

MR.  P.  E.  McCLENAHAN 
Des  Moines,  Iowa 

MISS  MINNIE  J.  NIELSON 
Bismarck.  N.  D. 


DR.  WILLIAM  BURDICK 
Baltimore,  Md. 


DR.  E.  A.  PETERSON 
Cleveland,  O. 


MR.  BENJAMIN  J.  BURRIS 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 


MR.  CHARLES  F.  POWLISON 
New  York  City 


MISS  KATHERINE  L.  CRAIG 
Denver,  Colo. 


MRS.  JOSEPHINE  C.  PRESTON 
Olympia,  Wash. 


DR.  S.  J.  CRUMBINE 
Topeka,  Kansas 

GEN.  HUGH  GUMMING 
Washington,  D.  C. 


DR.  W.  S.  RANKIN 
Raleigh,  N.  C 

MISS  ETHEL  E.  REDFIELD 
Boise,  Idaho 


DR.  WILLIAM  R.  P.  EMERSON 
Boston,  Mass. 


MRS.  FREDERIC  SCHOFF 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


DR.  THOMAS  E.  FINEGAN 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 


DR.  W.  S.  SMALL 

Washington,  D.  C. 


DR.  GEORGE  J.  FISHER 
New  York  City 

MISS  EDNA  L.  FOLEY 
Chicago,  111. 

DR.  CHARLES  J.  HATFIELD 
New  York  City 

DR.  EUGENE  R.  KELLEY 
Boston,  Mass. 


DR.  AUGUSTUS  O.  THOMAS 
Augusta,  Maine 

PROF.  C.  E.  A.  WINSLOW 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

MRS.  IRA  COUCH  WOOD 
Chicago,  111. 

PROF.  THOMAS  D.  WOOD 
New  York  City 


MR.  JOSEPH  LEE 
Boston,  Mass. 


MR.  C.  M.  DeFOREST,  Secretary 
New  York  City 


(latJle  of  Contetitsi 


r7N35 

PUBLIC 
HEALTH 
LIBRARY 


Brief  Explanation 

(Requirements.     Performance  of 
Chores.    Recording  Performance. 
Award  of  Titles.    Roll  of  Health 
Knighthood.       Insignia.        School 
Credits.    Time   Required.    Sources 
of     Supplies.      Crusade     Material. 
How  to   Start.     Weight  and  Nu- 
trition.     Tournaments.      Aids    to 
Health  Training.) 
Principles  and  Pedagogy 
Adopted  as  a  Curriculum  Course 
Results 
Scope 

Aid     to     Hygiene — Coordination — 
Credits 


General  Crusade  Course 

7.  How  to  Become  Crusaders 

8.  Membership 

9.  The  Chores 

Nutrition  Course 

10.  Nutrition  Chores 

11.  Weighing  and  Physical  Examination 

12.  Nutrition  Chore  Record.   A  Weight 

Chart 

Crusade  Supplies 

13.  Costs  and  Financing 

14.  List  of  Supplies 

Keep  Well  Guide  for  Every  Day 

Introductory  Course 

15.  Crusaders'  Code 

16.  Kindergarten 

17.  First  and  Second  Grades 

18.  Supplementary  Devices 

19.  Stories  and  Songs 

20.  Games  and  Drills 

Aids   to    General,    Nutrition    and    Intro- 
ductory Courses 

21.  School  Aid  in  Practice  of  Hygiene 

22.  Prompting  and  Inspecting 

23.  Symptoms  of  Illness 

24.  List  of  Symptoms 

25.  Window,    Thermometer    and    Sani- 

tary Inspectors 

26.  Setting-L^p  Exercises  :  Two-minute 

Drill 


27.  Toothbrush  Drill 

28.  Handkerchief  Drill 

29.  Tournaments 

30.  Inter-State  and  Inter-City  Contests 

31.  Roll  of  Health  Knighthood 

32.  Community  Contests 
Z2>.  Knighting  Crusaders 

34.  Accolade 

35.  Costumes 

36.  Health  Books 

Advanced  Course 

Z1.  The  Round  Table  of   the  Modern 
Health  Crusade 

38.  Qualifications  for  Seats 

39.  Tests 

40.  Reports 

41.  Hygiene  Course 

42.  Athletic  Tests 

43.  Correct  Weight 

44.  Correct  Posture 

45.  Physical  Examination 

46.  Knowledge  of  First  Aid 

47.  Swimming  and  Life-Saving  Skill 

48.  Scout  and  Camp  Fire  Activities 

49.  Community   Sanitation  Work 

50.  Accolade  of  the  Round  Table 

Aids  to  All  Crusade  Courses 

51.  Entertainments 

52.  Schedule  of  Meetings 

53.  Playlets  and  Pageants 

54.  Miniature  Theatre 

55.  Motion  Picture  Films 

56.  Exhibits 

57.  Songs 

58.  Poster  Contests 

Health  Clubs 

59.  Health  Crusade  Clubs 

60.  Club  Activities 

61.  Community  Work 

Miscellaneous 

62.  Handbook  for  Teaching  Hygiene 

63.  Moral  Effect  of  the  Crusade 

64.  Bibliography 

Back  Cover 
The  Crusader's  Creed 
State  Distributors  for  the  Crusade 


518b .  >  fj 


VLiit  ilotrern  ilealtf)  Crusiabe  Course  in  ?|psiene 

1.     Brief  Explanation 

This  first  section  of  the  manual,  pages  4  to  7,  is  a  condensed  statement 
of  the  Crusade  system.  It  is  also  published  separately  as  a  "Brief  Explana- 
tion for  Teachers."  The  subsequent  sections  of  the  manual  explain  further 
the  subjects  in  Section  1  and  set  forth  additional  activities  and  information. 
All  activities  beyond  the  requirements  defined  in  Section  1  are  optional.  They 
are  recommended  as  a  means  of  increasing  interest  and  benefit. 

The  Modern  Health  Crusade  is  a  system  of  training  in  good  health 
habits.  Its  basis  is  practice  and  not  mere  precept.  Under  it  children  do  the 
duties  explained  in  hygiene  and  physiology  but  too  often  left  undone. 
Millions  of  American  school  children  have  done  the  health  chores  of  the 
Crusade  vv^ithin  the  last  five  years.  The  play  and  romance  of  the  Crusade, 
its  health  chivalry,  give  children  the  incentive  to  work  systematically  and 
enthusiastically. 

The  results  of  Crusade  w^ork  are  physical  and  moral*  improvement  and 
better  attendance  and  deportment  at  school.  The  Crusade  links  the  school 
and  the  home  in  health  work. 

REQUIREMENTS 

The  requirements  of  the  Crusade  are  simply  (a)  the  performance  of  the 
health  chores,  (b)  the  recording  of  performance  as  directed  and  (c)  the  award 
of  chivalric  titles. 

(The  teacher  should  now  read  the  chore  record  or  the  explanations  in 
§  7  to  §  9  of  the  manual). 

(a)  PERFORMANCE  OF  CHORES 

There  are  four  sets  of  Crusade  chores,  eleven  chores  in  each  set.  The 
sets  are  graded  progressively  and  are  recommended  for  use  in  grades  3,  4,  5 
and  6  successively.  The  sets  of  chores  are  printed  on  different  editions  of 
the  chore  record,  Form  A  for  the  third  grade,  Form  B  for  the  fourth,  Form 
C  for  the  fifth,  and  Form  D  for  the  sixth.  If,  however,  one  edition  is  to  be 
used  for  several  grades,  Form  B  is  recommended. 

It  is  advisable  to  have  the  chores  performed  for  at  least  24  weeks  during 
the  school  year.  Many  schools  conduct  the  course  for  30  weeks.  In  the  case 
of  short  term  rural  schools  a  course  of  not  less  than  12  weeks  is  permissible. 

Pupils  in  grades  higher  than  the  6th  and  pupils  who  can  write  in  grades 
lower  than  the  3rd  may  qualify  as  Crusaders  by  the  chores  on  Forms  A,  B, 
C  or  D.  It  is  much  better,  however,  for  pupils  in  the  7th  and  higher  grades, 
having  completed  the  series,  to  carry  out  the  Round  Table  activities  including 
community  sanitation  work,  in  the  optional  program  of  the  Crusade.  (See 
§  37  to  §  50.)  Children  in  the  kindergarten  and  first  two  grades  may  more 
profitably  be  drilled  in  health  chores  through  posters  and  record  sheets  made 
bv  themselves  as  a  project,  preparatorv  to  becoming  Crusaders  in  grade  3. 
(See  §  15  to  §  20.) 

Besides  the  chores  on  Forms  A,  B,  C  and  D,  which  are  adapted  to  chil- 
dren in  general,  a  set  of  Crusade  chores  for  undernourished  or  delicate  chil- 
dren is  published.     (See  "Weight  and  Nutrition,"  page  7  and  §  10  to  §  12.) 

*  See  §  63. 


f 


(b)  RECORDING  PERFORMANCE 

The  chore  records  are  kept  at  home  for  recording  performance.  The 
child  and  one  of  his  parents  are  required  to  sign  each  record  and  the  teacher 
must  approve  before  the  claim  of  performance  is  allowed  to  count  towards  a 
title.  By  placing  the  child  on  his  honor  and  supervising  the  recording  of 
chores  the  parent  makes  Crusade  work  a  drill  in  truthfulness.  In  the  school 
it  is  advisable  to  set  aside  a  few  minutes  each  day  for  prompting  the  pupils 
on  their  chores  and  conducting  hygienic  inspection.  (See  §  22.) 

(c)  AWARD  OF  TITLES 

On  completion  of  tne  course  for  the  first  year  every  pupil  who  has  done 
54  chores  each  week  has  a  right  to  the  title  of  Squire;  and  on  the  completion 
of  the  course  for  two,  three,  and  four  years  the  pupil  becomes  successively 
Knight,  Knight  Banneret,  and  Knight  Banneret  Constant.  The  last  title 
can  never  be  earned  in  less  than  four  years.  Pupils  who  have  failed  in  one 
or  more  weeks  may  be  allowed  additional  weeks  in  the  school  term  in  which 
to  complete  their  records. 

The  award  of  titles  is  best  indicated  by  paper  stars  placed  on  the  wall 
chart,  ''Roll  of  Health  Knighthood,"  and  by  badges  or  other  insignia  given  to 
the  children.  The  use  of  insignia,  however,  is  not  obligatory.  Schools  may 
make  the  awards  in  any  manner  they  see  fit.  Knighting  ceremonies  are 
helpful  in  impressing  Crusade  teachings.     (See  §  33.) 

ROLL  OF  HEALTH  KNIGHTHOOD 

At  the  beginning  of  the  course,  the  names  of  all  pupils  are  written  on  the 
Roll  of  Health  Knighthood  as  "pages,"  candidates  to  become  Crusaders. 
Their  progress  throughout  the  year  is  then  shown  by  stars  or  other  marks. 
(The  Roll  has  columns  also  for  recording  pupils'  weights  from  month  to 
month.    Tables  of  average  weights  for  boys  and  girls  are  printed  on  it.) 

INSIGNIA 
The  insignia  provided  are: 

L  Certificate  of  Title  of  Squire.  This  certificate  states  that  the  boy  or 
girl  named  '*has  a  satisfactory  record  of  doing  at  least  75%  of  the  Crusaders* 
health  chores  for  the  number  of  weeks  required  for  first  honors  in  health 
knighthood;  has  agreed  to  try  (1)  to  do  nothing  that  may  hurt  the  health  of 
any  other  person,  (2)  to  help  keep  home  and  town  clean  and  (3)  to  obey  the 
Crusaders'  Code  until  the  end  of  December  following  this  school  year;  and 
therefore  is  enrolled  until  then  as  a  Modern  Health  Crusader  and  is  granted 
the  title  of  Squire." 

The  certificate,  printed  in  two  colors  and  illustrated,  carries  also  the  Crusaders' 
Code  (general  health  rules),  average  weight  tables  and  a  ruled  chart  on  which  the 
pupil  may  enter  his  "health  scores"  including  his  weights  from  month  to  month, 
for  display  at  home. 

For  schools  desiring  to  give  the  code,  tables  and  scoring  chart  to  pupils  before 
they  have  earned  the  title  of  squire,  the  portion  of  the  certificate  conveying  the 
title  may  readily  be  cut  off  for  later  use. 

2.  Buttons  and  metal  pins  are  provided  as  badges  for  Knights,  Knights 
Banneret  and  Knights  Banneret  Constant. 

SCHOOL  CREDITS 

The  Crusade  system  has  been  made  a  curriculum  activity  in  thousands 
of  schools.  The  regular  school  credits  given  for  Crusade  work  are  an  im- 
portant incentive  to  pupils.  Credits  should  never,  however,  take  the  place  of 
the  chivalric  titles.     Both  should  be  employed. 

5 


With  the  following  table  the  teacher  may  easily  compute  a  pupil's  credits 
for  performance  of  chores.  It  is  based  on  the  allowance  of  full  credits  for  a 
Crusade  course.  If  Crusade  work  is  included  in  a  course  in  physiology  or 
hygiene  and  one-half  or  one-third  credits  are  allowed  for  the  chores,  the  per- 
centages earned  will  be  one-half  or  one-third  of  those  in  the  tables.  To 
determine  a  pupil's  credit  for  a  school  month  the  teacher  adds  his  credits  for 
each  week  and  divides  the  sum  by  the  number  of  weeks  in  the  month. 

WEEKLY  CREDITS 


12  chores 

100% 

62  chores 

86% 

52  chores 

72% 

71   " 

99% 

61   '*  • 

85% 

51   " 

71% 

70   " 

97% 

60   " 

83% 

50   " 

69% 

69   " 

96% 

59   " 

82% 

49   " 

68% 

68   " 

94% 

58   " 

81% 

48   " 

67% 

67   " 

93% 

57   " 

79% 

47   " 

65% 

66   " 

91% 

56   " 

78% 

46   " 

64% 

65   " 

90% 

55   " 

76% 

45   " 

63% 

64   " 

89% 

54   " 

75% 

44   " 

61% 

63   " 

88% 

53   " 

74% 

43   " 

60% 

TIME  REQUIRED 

The  Crusade  is  adaptable  to  every  elementary  school,  graded  or  ungraded. 
The  school  that  devotes  from  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  to  it  daily,  finds  the  entire 
work  of  the  day  improved.  If,  however,  a  school  allows  no  time  for  practical 
health  training  the  teacher  may  give  pupils  the  benefit  of  the  Crusade  in  large 
part  by  distributing  the  chore  records  to  be  taken  home  after  one  short  talk 
of  explanation.  When  performance  has  been  checked  at  home  for  the  time 
required  the  pupil  brings  the  record  for  the  teacher  to  inspect.  If  she  issue  a 
second  record  at  once  she  may  inspect  the  first  at  her  leisure,  instead  of  re- 
turning it  on  that  day. 

SOURCES  OF  SUPPLIES 

Crusade  supplies  are  obtained  by  schools  through  the  local  department 
of  education  or  the  state  association  affiliated  with  the  National  Tuberculosis 
Association  (New  York  City).  The  National  Association  publishes  Crusade 
material  at  the  lowest  possible  cost.  The  expense  per  pupil  ranges  from  1^ 
to  53^2  cents  for  a  24-week  course.  In  many  localities  school  authorities  pay 
for  Crusade  material  in  like  manner  as  for  text-books. 

CRUSADE  MATERIAL 

A.  (1)  Chore  records.  (Sufficient  number  to  supply  scoring  spaces  for 
the  weeks  of  the  course ;  10  to  20%  additional  for  losses.) 

B.  (2)  "Brief  Explanation"  or  the  Manual,  one  for  each  teacher.  (3) 
Roll  of  Health  Knighthood,  one  per  class  of  not  more  than  40  pupils. 
(Gummed  paper  stars,  about  three  per  pupil,  are  desirable.)  (4)  Certificate 
of  squire,  one  per  pupil.  (5)  Buttons  or  pins  for  Knights,  Knights  Banneret 
and  Knights  Banneret  Constant,  one  each  for  approximately  80%  of  the 
pupils.  Schools  provided  with  the  Roll  (3)  may  dispense  with  the  insignia 
(4  and  5)  but  the  use  of  all  is  recommended. 

C.  Tournament  guide,  tournament  report  form.  Round  Table  report  form, 
wall  chart  "Keep  Well  Guide,"  prompter  and  hygienic  inspection  blank, 
knighthood  stories,  health  stories,  Crusade  songs,  health  playlets,  Crusade 
flags. 

Every  school  must  be  provided  with  (A)  the  chore  records,  if  its  pupils 
are  to  qualify  as  Crusaders.  Supplies  listed  under  B  and  C  are  highly  recom- 
mended. B  supplies  are  essential  for  most  schools,  and  the  C  supplies  are 
very  helpful. 

For  prices  of  material  address  your  state  association. 


HOW  TO  START 

Give  a  talk  to  your  pupils  comparing  the  Crusade  with  the  crusades  of 
old  and  the  quests  of  brave  knights.  Arouse  the  children's  interest  by  a  story 
of  chivalry  from  such  books  as  "The  Perfect  Gentle  Knight,"  World  Book 
Co.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ;  "King  Arthur  and  His  Knights,"  Rand  McNally  &  Co., 
Chicago;  "Page,  Esquire  and  Knight,"  Ginn  &  Co.,  Boston.  Set  forth  the 
privilege  of  being  health  knights,  their  service  and  happiness.  Explain  their 
titles  and  rewards.  The  Roll  of  Health  Knighthood  and  samples  of  any 
insignia  to  be  used  should  be  displayed. 

Distribute  chore  records  to  the  class  and  have  each  chore  record  read 
and  discussed.  Have  each  child  who  is  new  to  the  work  place  his  finger  on 
the  space  where  he  is  to  make  an  X  for  a  chore  done  on  a  certain  day.  Explain 
the  requirement  of  certification  "on  honor"  and  of  signatures.  Direct  the 
pupils  to  pin  the  records  up  at  home  where  they  and  their  parents  will  see  the 
records  constantly  and  will  "check  up"  performance  every  evening.  Tell  the 
children  when  they  are  to  return  their  records  to  you.  Remind  them  of  their 
chores  every  day.  Base  several  lessons  in  reading,  language  and  arithmetic 
on  the  chores  and  calculation  of  credits. 

Enlist  the  support  of  the  community.  Explain  the  Crusade  to  the  parent- 
teacher  association,  women's  club  and  pastors  of  churches.  Supply  your 
newspaper  with  a  short  article  on  the  Crusade  and  give  it  news  from  time  to 
time  on  the  pupils'  progress  in  health  knighthood. 

Keep  interest  high  by  such  of  the  following  optional  Crusade  activities  cts 
you  can  take  up. 

WEIGHT  AND  NUTRITION 

It  is  recommended  that  pupils  be  weighed  once  a  month.  Performance 
of  the  chores  tends  to  give  pupils  right  weight  and  the  weight  entries  on  the 
Roll  of  Knighthood  make  a  useful  record  of  progress.  For  children  as  much 
as  10%  under  weight  and  for  those  who  are  sickly,  the  Crusade  nutrition 
chores  are  recommended.  Apply  for  "Chore  Record-Nutrition  Edition"  and 
for  the  "Instructions  to  Teachers  and  Nutrition  Workers." 

TOURNAMENTS 

Crusade  tournaments  are  competitions  between  schools  or  classes  for  the 
best  average  record  in  chores.  The  National  Tournament  in  Health  Knight- 
hood is  conducted  twice  during  the  school  year.  Every  class  or  school  with 
an  enrollment  as  large  as  seven  is  privileged  to  become  a  jouster,  if  the  teacher 
so  desires.  It  is  merely  necessary  to  keep  the  records  of  the  pupils'  per- 
formance of  chores  over  15  consecutive  weeks,  and  to  submit  a  report  occom- 
panied  by  the  chore  records.  Any  period  of  15  weeks  may  be  selected  by  the 
teacher  between  the  first  Sunday  in  September  and  the  last  Saturday  in 
February  and  between  the  first  Sunday  in  January  and  the  second  Saturday 
in  June.  Apply  for  the  tournament  guide  circular  and  report  form.  Hundreds 
of  schools  have  won  national  pennants. 

AIDS  TO  HEALTH  TRAINING 

The   Order   of   the   Round   Table   is   an   optional 

feature  of  the  Crusade  recommended  as  a  means  of 

health   training  additional   to   the  chores.     Crusaders 

become  Knights  of  the  Round  Table  by  earning  points 

in  some  of  the  following  ways :  physical  examinations, 

tests  in  nutrition,  posture  and  athletics,  high  standing 

in  hygiene  or  physiology,  first  aid,  swimming,  scouting 

and  community  sanitation.     (See  §  37  to  §  50.) 

Other  recommended  activities  explained  in  the  manual  are  tooth  brush 

drills,  setting  up  exercises,  story  telling  and  games,  project  chore  records  and 

health  books,  playlets,  pageants  and  health  clubs. 

7 


f^ 

C^^ 

K 

i^^jC'^^^i^ 

M 

R 

H 

T 

C 
1 

2.    Principles  and  Pedagogy 

When  boys  and  girls,  in  all  states  of  the  Union  and  in  foreign  countries  in  three 
continents,  take  up  the  systematic  performance  of  "health  chores,"  a  phenomenon  i^ 
presented  that  invites  explanation.  The  health  chores  have  of  themselves  no  attraction 
for  the  average  child;  they  are  to  him  odious  duties,  performed  only  under  social  or 
parental  pressure. 

Good  reasons  for  doing  hygienic  duties  are  set  forth  attractively  in  the  modern 
type  of  school  text-book.  No  set  of  facts  to  be  learned  in  school  has  greater  value,  but 
usually  the  pupil  fails  to  translate  this  knowledge  into  his  ov^n  conduct  except  under 
outside  influences.  "Education  among  us  consists  too  much  in  telling  and  not  enough 
in  training."  The  Modern  Health  Crusade  brings  into  the  schools  a  distinct  influence 
serving  to  reinforce  established  courses  in  hygiene,  physiology,  physical  training  and 
sanitation.     It  does  not  conflict  with  such  courses  but  adds  vitality. 

Personal  and  community  health  is  the  object  of  these  courses.  Health  is  not  so 
much  a  matter  of  extensive  knowledge  of  facts  as  of  will  to  comply  with  a  few  simple 
laws  from  day  to  day  until  compliance  becomes  habitual.  The  Crusade  system  supplies 
the  will  by  interesting  the  child.  Interest  is  sustained  so  that  will  may  continue  to 
function  and  the  repetition  of  action  required  by  the  law  of  habit  formation  may  be 
secured.  The  Crusade  applies  to  the  pupil  the  pedogogical  principle  of  learning  by 
doing.  Habits  are  formed  while  reasons  are  being  learned.  As  in  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land, "the  best  way  to  explain  it  is  to  do  it."  The  value  of  health,  the  direct  motive, 
is  not  sufficient  to  arouse  the  child's  will.  An  adult  seldom  values  health  sufficiently 
to  follow  its  laws  closely  until  sickness  makes  health  sorely  missed.  An  indirect  motive 
is  important  for  the  adult  and  indispensable  for  the  child.  The  Crusade  supplies  the 
child  with  a  powerful  indirect  motive  for  patient  work  in  acquiring  good  health  habits. 

In  providing  the  motive  the  Crusade  utilizes  various  principles  of  child  psychology. 
Every  child  wants  to  play:  every  child  likes  to  play  that  he  is  grown  up  and  is  doing 
great  deeds.      The  Crusade  introduces  a  play  element  into  the  practice  of  hygiene.     It 


transfers  the  romance  of  the  medieval  Crusades  to  a  vital  present-day  quest.  It  holds 
up  to  children  the  chivalry  of  health,  a  field  for  great  deeds.  It  dramatizes  the  pursuit 
of  health.  The  Crusade  allows  the  child  to  follow  his  imitative  instinct.  It  makes  him 
feel — and  rightly — that  he  is  of  some  importance  and  that  he  is  taking  an  active  part 
in  a  great  movement.  The  Crusade  makes  an  instant  appeal  to  the  child,  through  its 
titles,  won  by  his  own  achievement.  It  interests  him  in  its  group  contests.  It  provides 
Dr.  Burnham's  "stimulus  of  success"  for  children  in  large  numbers,  not  for  a  single 
prize  winner  who  succeeds  while  all  his  mates  must  fail.  The  Crusade  appeals  to  the 
child  in  the  spirit  of  emulation  rather  than  competition,  of  reaching  a  high  standard 
rather  than  surpassing  another  child. 

Opportunity  to  belong  to  the  national  Crusade  appeals  strongly  to  the  child.  He 
finds  an  outlet  for  patriotic  aspirations.  He  has  incentive  to  do  his  part  to  assure 
the  country  that  in  another  draft  for  war  one  person  out  of  three  shall  not  be  rejected 
for  physical  defects  due  to  bad  health  habits. 

3.  Adopted  as  a  Curriculum  Course 

The  departments  of  education  of  more  than  one-third  of  the  states  have  adopted 
the  Modern  Health  Crusade  as  a  curriculum  activity.  The  manuals  of  physical  educa- 
tion issued  by  a  number  of  states  incorporate  instructions  for  conducting  Crusade 
work.  Local  school  systems  in  every  section  of  the  United  States  employ  the  Crusade 
to  make  teaching  of  hygiene  practical.  .       xt     • 

Resolutions  endorsing  the  Crusade  system  have  been  adopted  by  the  National 
Education  Association  and  the  National  Congress  of  Mothers  and  Parent-Teacher 
Associations. 

4.  Results 

The  Crusade  promotes  good  health  and  the  prevention  of  disease  not  only  for  chil- 
dren but  for  their  families  and  neighbors.     On  the  moral  side,  the  Crusade  contributes 

8 


to  the  child  a  needed  drill  in  truthfulness,  regularity  in  duty,  and  education  of  the  will. 
The  method  of  recording  performance  of  the  chores,  under  which  the  child  is  put  on 
his  honor  to  choose  between  right  and  wrong  statements,  affords  an  ethical  discipline 
comparable  in  value  to  the  physical  discipline.  (See  §63.)  The  Crusade  awakens  re- 
sponsibility for  community  welfare  and  makes  the  teacher's  work  lighter  by  keeping 
the  children's  minds  alert  and  by  promoting  both  attention  and  attendance. 

The  following  quotations  are  from  letters  written  by  school  superintendents,  state, 
city  and  rural: 

"The  whole  work  of  the  Crusade  is  practical  and  wholesome  and  no  child  partici- 
pating can  help  being  benefited." 

"The  movement  rapidly  gained  the  support  of  the  teaching  force  and  the  grade 
officials,  all  of  whom  endorsed  it  in  very  positive  terms  as  productive  of  marked  good." 

"The  teachers  in  charge  are  all  delighted  with  the  work  and  do  not  hesitate  to  say 
that  colds  and  usual  epidemics  are  lacking  where  the  health  chores  have  been  kept  up." 

"After  a  few  weeks  of  the  Crusade,  I  regard  the  results  as  superior  to  a  year  of 
physiology  as  ordinarily  taught. 

(From  a  superintendent  who  was  skeptical)  *T  presented  the  matter  at  the  teachers* 
meeting  in  a  half-hearted  way.  It  was  presented  to  the  pupils  the  next  day.  Imagine 
my  surprise  when  I  reached  home  to  find  my  own  children  as  enthusiastic  as  they  had 
ever  been  over  Christmas!  *  *  *  Mothers  stopped  me  on  the  street  to  thank  me  for 
making  it  so  easy  for  them  to  keep  their  children  clean  and  for  leading  them  to  form 
good  habits  that  had  seemed  impossible  before." 

5.  Scope 

The  Modern  Health  Crusade  is  directed  broadly  to  the  upbuilding  of  health.     Its 

campaign  is  not  limited  to  tuberculosis  or  any  particular  disease.  While  the  Crusade 
is  essentially  a  system  of  instruction,  to  the  Crusaders  it  has  the  appeal  of  an  organ- 
ization. Schools  taking  up  Crusade  work  do  not,  however,  assume  membership  obli- 
gation in  any  organization.  Such  organization  as  is  suggested  in  this  manual  is  optional 
with  school  authorities  and  is  designed  to  appeal  to  children,  giving  them  mass  stimulus 
to  health  activities. 

6.  Aid  to  Hygiene — Coordination — Credits 

Teachers  conducting  textbook  courses  in  hygiene,  physiology  and  sanitation  will 
find  that  taking  time  to  direct  their  pupils  in  the  performance  of  the  Crusade  chores 
will  vitalize  these  courses.  The  chores  and  rules  of  the  Crusade  are  the  essence  of 
hygiene.  The  application  which  successive  portions  of  progressive  textbooks  like  the 
following  have  to  the  several  chores  is  apparent  and  should  be  cited  by  the  teacher  in 
each  instance  for  the  purpose  of  clinching  knowledge  derived  from  the  books: 

Overton.  "Personal  Hygiene,"  "General  Hygiene."  Davison,  "Health  Lessons." 
American  Book  Co. 

Emerson  and  Betts,  "Hygiene  and  Health,"  "Physiology  and  Hygiene."  Bobbs- 
Merrill. 

Haviland,  "The  Playhouse."  "The  Most  Wonderful  House  in  the  World."  J.  B. 
Lippincott. 

Gulick,  "Hygiene  Series."     Ginn  &  Co. 

Winslow,  "Healthy  Living,"  I-II.     C.  E.  Merrill  Co. 

O'Shea  and  Kellogg,  "Health  Series."     Macmillan. 

Ritchie  and  Caldwell,  "Primer  of  Hygiene."  Ritchie,  "Primer  of  Sanitation," 
"Primer  of  Physiology."    World  Book  Co. 

Hallock  and  Winslow,  "Land  of  Health."^    C.  E.  Merrill  Co. 

Schools  are  coordinating  Crusade  work  with  various  studies,  such  as  reading,  com- 
position and  arithmetic,  as  well  as  the  health  studies.  The  National  Association  will 
refer  principals  to  outlines  or  syllabi  for  use  of  teachers  in  coordinating  the  work.  It 
will  also  refer  normal  schools  and  teachers'  associations  to  speakers  experienced  in 
Crusade  work,  prepared  to  lecture  or  conduct  institutes. 

The  practice  of  giving  school  credits  to  pupils  for  doing  Crusade  work  and  to 
teachers  for  conducting  it  has  become  common.  In  some  states  teachers  are  authorized 
to  grant  credits  as  high  as  50  per  cent,  in  physiology  and  hygiene  for  doing  and  record- 
ing Crusade  chores.  In  some  schools  Crusade  work  is  credited  to  pupils  as  a  course 
separate  from  any  other.  In  one  state  where  Crusade  work  is  not  obligatory  the 
majority  of  county  superintendents  have  allowed  teachers  from  10  to  50  professional 
credits  out  of  a  required  200,  for  conducting  a  Crusade  course. 

GENERAL  CRUSADE  COURSE 

Recommended  especially  for  grades  3,  4,  5  and  6.  For  work  for  other  grades  see 
§15  to  §20  and  %  37  to  §50. 

7.  How  to  Become  Crusaders 

All  children  who  can  write  may  become  Modern  Health  Crusaders.     The  require- 

9 


merit  for  each  child  is  the  performance  of  not  less  than  54  Crusade  chores  each  week 
for  the  number  of  weeks  prescribed  by  his  teacher  or  other  adult  Crusade  leader.  This 
must  not  be  less  than  12  weeks  in  a  school  year;  at  least  24  weeks  is  recommended. 
(See  pp.  4  and  5,  paragraphs  (a),  (b)  and  (c). 

The  performance  of  72  chores  in  one  week,  consisting  of  the  first  10  chores  every 
day  and  the  eleventh  chore  twice  during  the  week  is  considered  a  perfect  score,  100%. 
Fifty-four  chores  is  the  passing  percentage,  75%.  If  the  candidate  does  even  less  than 
54  chores  one  week,  he  may  make  that  week  up  by  doing  54  in  an  additional  week.  The 
weeks  need  not  be  consecutive  for  the  child  to  become  a  Crusader  and  earn  successive 
titles,  although  they  must  be  consecutive  to  be  credited  in  a  tournament.  Chore  11  must  be 
performed  at  least  one  day  each  week. 

On  the  chore  record  scoring  tables  are  printed  covering  each  day  for  several  weeks. 
For  each  chore  done  completely,  the  child  or  his  parent  marks  a  cross  (X)  in  the 
space  for  that  day. 

The  chore  record  should  be  pinned  up  conspicuously  at  home.  Parents  are  asked 
to  prompt  their  children  and  superintend  the  checking  of  chores  at  bedtime. 

8.  Membership 

Squires,  Knights  and  Knights  Banneret  have  only  temporary  membership  in  the 
Modern  Health  Crusade  movement,  except  as  they  re-qualify  by  performance  of  chores. 
Membership  ends  the  last  day  of  Decernber  next  following  the  school  year  in  which 
the  title  is  earned.  Crusaders  with  the  title  of  achievement,  Knight  Banneret  Constant, 
retain  membership  through  all  the  years  of  their  lives,  except  for  such  times  as  they 
may  not  be  faithful  to  the  Crusaders'  chores. 

9.  The  Chores 

The  four  sets  of  graded  chores  recommended  for  grades  3,  4,  5  and  6  are  as  follows: 


CHORES.     FORM   A    (GRADE   3)  First  Week 


1.  I   washed  my  hands  before  each 
meal  today. 

2.  I  brushed  my  teeth  thoroughly. 

3.  I  tried  hard  to  keep   fingers  and 
pencils  out  of  my  mouth  and  nose. 

4.  I  carried  a  clean  handkerchief. 


5.  I  drank  three  glasses  of  water,  but 
no  tea  nor  coffee. 

6.  I  tried  to  eat  only  wholesome 
food  including  vegetables  and 
fruit. 

7.  I  drank  slowly  two  glasses  of 
milk. 


8.  I  went  to  toilet  at  regular  time. 

9.  I    played    outdoors    or    with   win- 
dows open  a  half  hour. 

10.  I  was  in  bed  eleven  or  more 
hours  last  night,  windows  open. 

11.  I  had  a  complete  bath  on  each 
day  of  the  week  that  is  checked 
(x). 

Total  number  of  chores  done  each 


week. 


First  Week 

Second  Week 

Third  Week 

S 

M 

T 

1 

T 

F 

S 

S 

M 

T 

W 

T 

F 

S 

s 

M 

T 

W 

T 

F 

i 

10 


Notes  on  Chores  "A"  as  Numbered 


1.  Use  soap.  Wash  hands  always  be- 
fore handling  food  prepared  for  eat- 
ing.     Clean    fingernails   every   day. 

2.  Brush  the  teeth  up  and  down.  Brush 
the  front,  back  and  biting  surfaces. 
Work  all  food  out  from  between  the 
teeth.     Rinse  the  mouth. 

3.  Keep  from  your  mouth  anything 
touched  by  the  mouth  of  another 
person.  Wash  all  raw  unpeeled 
fruits  before  eating. 

4.  Use  your  handkerchief  to  cover  your 
mouth  and  nose  when  you  cough  or 
sneeze. 

5.  A  whole  glass  of  water  need  not  be 
drunk  at  one  time.  A  glass  of  milk 
may  take  the  place  of  a  glass  of  water. 

6.  Food  should  include  oatmeal  or 
wholegrain  cereals,  coarse  breads,  and 
vegetables  like  onions,  turnips  and 
spinach. 


7.  Milk  should  be  drunk  slowly  so  as  to 
be  mixed  with  saliva  before  each 
swallow. 

8.  Bowels  should  move  freely  every  day 
at  a  regular  time,  preferably  after 
breakfast. 

9.  Play  should  give  vigorous  general 
exercise.  Setting  up  exercises  may 
be  counted.  If  you  are  much  under- 
weight you  should  rest  quietly  for  at 
least  30  minutes  in  the  daytime  and 
should   not  play  hard. 

10.  The  best  place  to  sleep  is  a  sleeping 
porch.  Have  enough  bed  clothes  to 
keep  your  body  warm  and  comfort- 
able. Breathe  through  your  nose.  If 
you  can't  breathe  with  your  mouth 
closed,   see   a   physician. 

11.  Several  all-over  warm  baths  each 
week,  followed  by  cool  dash  are  ad- 
visable. 


CHORES.     FORM  B  (GRADE  4) 


1.  I  washed  my  hands  before  each  meal. 
I  cleaned  my  finger-nails  today. 

2.  I  brushed  my  teeth  after  breakfast  7. 
and  the  evening  meal. 

3.  I  carried  a  handkerchief  and  used  it 
to  protect  others  if  I  coughed  or 
sneezed.  8. 

4.  I  tried  to  avoid  accidents  to  others  9. 
and  myself.  I  looked  both  ways  io_ 
when   crossing   the  street    (road). 

5.  I  drank  four  glasses  of  water  but  no  n^ 
tea,  cofifee  nor  any  harmful  drink. 

6.  I  had  three  wholesome  meals  includ- 


ing a  nourishing  breakfast.     I   drank 

milk. 

I    ate    some    cereal    or    bread,    green 

(watery)   vegetable  and  fruit,  but  ate 

no  candy  nor  "sweets"  unless  at  the 

end  of  a  meal. 

I   went  to  toilet  at  my  regular  time. 

I  tried  to  sit  and  to  stand  straight. 

I  was  in  bed  eleven  hours  last  night, 

windows   open. 

I    had    a    complete    bath    and    rubbed 

myself  dry   on   each  day  of  the  week 

checked  (x). 


Notes  on  Chores  "B"  as  Numbered 


1.  You  should  wash  your  hands  before 
handling  any  food  prepared  for  eat- 
ing. Soap  should  be  used.  Wash 
face,  ears  and  neck  every  day. 

2.  Brush  teeth  up  and  down.  Brush  the 
front,  back  and  biting  surfaces.  Brush 
after  every  meal,  if  possible,  and 
rinse.  It  is  wise  to  use  dental  floss 
with  care  daily.  Go  to  the  dentist  at 
least  twice  a  year,  without  waiting 
for  toothache. 

3.  If  you  cough  or  sneeze,  turn  aside 
and  cover  mouth  and  nose  with  hand- 
kerchief. Put  spit  only  where  no  per- 
son nor  fly   can   touch  it. 

4.  Do  not  "catch  on"  or  "swing  off" 
moving  vehicles.  Do  not  throw  or 
place  anything  in  a  way  that  may  in- 
jure  anyone. 

5.  Drink  a  glass  of  water  on  getting  up. 
Drink   some   before   each    meal. 

6.  You  should  drink — s1ow1y~two  to 
four  glasses  of  milk  (preferably  un- 
skimmed) each  day.  Milk  may  be 
counted  as  water  for  chore  5. 


7.  Eat  oatmeal  or  whole  grain  cereals, 
coarse  breads,  and  watery  vegetables, 
like  onions,  turnips,  carrots,  cabbage 
and  spinach.     Chew  food  thoroughly. 

8.  Your  bowels  should  move  freely 
every  day  and  without  use  of  drugs. 
Observe  a  fixed  time  right  after 
breakfast. 

9.  Stand  "tall";  lie  "long."  Walk  with 
head  up.  Exercise  your  muscles  in 
the  open  air.  Breathe  through  your 
nose. 

10.  Boys  and  girls  eleven  years  of  age 
may  change  this  chore  to  "ten  hours 
in  bed"  but  eleven  hours  is  better. 
Those  fourteen  to  sixteen  years  of 
age  may  change  this  chore  to  "nine 
hours  in  bed,"  but  ten  is  better. 

11.  Bathe  with  warm  water,  washcloth 
and  soap.  Finish  with  cool  water 
dash.  Boys  should  wash  their  hair 
once  a  week;  girls,  at  least  once  a 
month.  Underwear  should  be  changed 
after  the  bath  at  least  once  a  week. 


11 


CHORES.    FORM  C 

1.  Besides   my  hands,   I   washed   my   face,        6. 
ears,  and  neck,    1  combed  or  brushed  my 
hair  today.  7. 

2.  I  cleaned  my  teeth  after  breakfast  and 
the  evening  meal,  brushing   front,   back, 

and  chewing  surfaces  of  all  teeth.  8- 

3.  I  did  not  use  a  "common"  cup  or  towel.        g 
I  coughed  or  spit  only  when  necessary 

and  was  careful  to  protect  others. 

4.  I   was   careful   to  keep   myself  and   my       \q 
desk  neat,    and   helped   keep   the    whole 
school  and  grounds  in  order. 

5.  I  drank  four  glasses  of  water  and  no       11. 
tea,  coflFee,  nor  any  harmful  drinks.     I 

did  not  wash  my  food  down. 


(GRADE  5) 

I  chewed  my  food  thoroughly,  ate  slowly 

and  did  not  run  soon  after  meals. 

I    ate    either    some   beans,    eggs,    cheese, 

fish  or  meat  at  one  meal.     1  ate  watery 

vegetables  or  fruit. 

I  attended  to  toilet  at  my  regular  time, 

and  washed  my  hands  afterwards. 

I    tried    to    keep    good    posture    and    to 

breathe    fresh    air    always,    through    my 

nose. 

I    was   in   bed   ten   or   more   hours   last 

night,    windows    open.      I    stretched    out 

"long"   when  waiting  for  sleep. 

I   took  a   full   bath  on  each  day  of  the 

week  that  is  checked  (x).    1  put  on  clean 

underwear  at  least  once  this  week. 


Notes  on  Chores  "C"  as  Numbered 


1.  Put  nothing  in  your  ears  except  the 
washcloth.  Clean  your  fingernails  at 
least  once  a  day. 

2.  Brush  teeth  up  and  down.  Brush 
after  every  meal  if  possible  and  rinse. 
It  is  wise  to  use  dental  floss  with  care 
every  day.  Use  a  dentifrice  that  is 
not  gritty. 

3.  If  you  cough  or  sneeze,  turn  aside  and 
cover  mouth  and  nose  with  handker- 
chief. Have  your  own  towel,  wash 
cloth,  glass,  etc.,  used  by  no  one  else. 

4.  This  chore  requires  cleaning  of  fin- 
gernails. Shoes  should  be  brushed. 
Soil  and  grease  spots  should  be  re- 
moved from  clothes.  Hair  should  be 
"tidy"  at  school.  Don't  litter  yard  or 
building  with  papers. 

5.  Have  four  or  more  regular  times  for 


drinking  water.     Milk   at  meals  may 
be  counted  as  water  for  chore  5. 

6.  Take  plenty  of  time  for  meals.  Show 
good  manners.  Sit  straight.  Make 
meal  time  pleasant  for  all.  Avoid  hard 
exercise  immediately  before  or  after 
eating. 

7.  Eat  meat  or  fish  not  more  than  once 
a  day. 

9.  Stand  "tall."  Walk  "head  up."  When 
sitting  do  not  bend  forward  at  the 
waist  but  only  at  the  hips. 

10.  Boys  and  girls  14  to  16  years  of  age 
may  perform  this  chore  by  nine  hours 
in  bed,  but  ten  hours  is  better.  Those 
under  10  years  should  sleep  eleven 
hours  at  least. 

11.  Bathe  with  warm  water  and  soap. 
Use  a  clean  wash  cloth.  Finish  with 
cool  water  dash. 


CHORES.     FORM  D  (GRADE  6) 


1.  I  gave  careful  attention  to  personal 
cleanliness  and  neatness  of  appearance 
today.  I  tried  to  keep  my  surroundings 
sightly  and  sanitary. 

2.  I  sought  to  keep  the  ventilation  good 
and  the  temperature  under  seventy  de- 
grees in  every  room  I  occupied. 

3.  I  tried  to  be  cheerful,  straightforward 
and  clean  minded;  to  do  one  thing  at  a 
time  and  the  most  important  thing  first. 

4.  I  was  careful  to  do  nothing  to  hurt  the 
health  of  anyone  else.  I  played  fair.  I 
did  willingly  at  least  one  kind  act  for 
another  person. 

5.  I  used  no  tea,  coffee,  nor  any  harmful 
drink ;  no  tobacco  in  any  form,  nor  any 
injurious  drug. 

6.  I  tried  to  have  a  "balanced"  diet,  includ- 
ing   energy-making,    tissue-building    and 


regulating  foods.  I  was  careful  not  to 
overeat  but  tried  to  keep  my  weight 
right. 

7.  I  held  reading  matter  not  less  than 
twelve  inches  from  my  eyes.  I  did  not 
read  lying  down  or  with  straining  light 
or  facing  the  light. 

8.  I  gave  proper  attention  to  elimination. 

9.  I  played  or  exercised  for  at  least  an 
hour  in  fresh  air,  avoiding  overfatigue. 
I  breathed  deeply  and  was  careful  to 
keep  good  posture. 

10.  I  was  in  bed  ten  hours  last  night,  win- 
dows open.  I  did  not  allow  a  pillow  to 
make  me  "round-shouldered." 

11.  Besides  bathing  this  week,  I  washed  or 
otherwise  thoroughly  cleaned  my  hair 
and  scalp  on  each  day  checked. 


Notes  on  Chores  "D"  as  Numbered 


1.  This  chore  requires  daily  washing  of 
face,  ears,  neck  and  all  parts  of  the 
body  that  because  of  dirt  or  perspiration 
need  washing;  also,  cleaning  the  finger- 
nails is  required. 


be 


For     ventilation     windows     should 
opened  both  at  top  and  bottom. 
Cultivation    of    will    through    concentra- 
tion, promptness  and  regularity  and  the 
development  of  character  promote  health. 


12 


4.  Be  unselfish.  Keep  your  temper.  Self  the  need  is  felt  or  when  your  regular 
control  is  needed  for  health  and  success.  time  comes. 

5.  Avoid  "soda  fountain"'  drinks  containing  9.  Play  should  give  general  muscular  ex- 
caffeine  or  other  harmful  drugs.  ercise.      If  you  are  much  underweight 

6.  In   your   diet   of   the   day   include    fruit.  ^^°P   P^^^/"^   ^f°^^,  ^^^    ^'^  ,^''^^    ^"^ 

coarse   breads,   whole   grain   cereals   and  da  time  ^^                          ^              '"^ 

vegetables   like   spinach,   onions,   carrots,  iad^^      "j      -i     ^a    .      i^r                  <• 

turnips  in  addition  to  Starchy  food  like  ^^-    ^°>^^   ^"^   ^''If.  ^^^^    ^^  years   of   age 

the  potato  and  protein  food  like  meat.  ^71?'/°'"?,'        l\^^  "'"^  ^''''''  '" 

^    ...    ^  ,^  _  ,  ,       ,  bed  but  ten  hours  is  better. 

7.  If  your  eyes  hurt  or  if  you  have  head-  n.  Hair  and  scalp  should  be  thoroughly 
aches  after  reading,  you  should  consult  cleansed  at  least  once  a  week  with  newly 
an  oculist  Keep  fingers  dirty  handker-  cleaned  brush  and  comb.  Boys  should 
chiefs  and  towels  away  from  your  eyes.  shampoo  their  hair  once  a  week.     Girls 

8.  Never  postpone  attention  to  toilet  when  at  least  once  a  month. 

NUTRITION   COURSE   IN   THE   CRUSADE 

10.  Nutrition  Chores 

The  chores  listed  above  may  be  known  as  "normal  chores."  They  are  for  average 
children,  those  who  need  drill  in  practices  important  for  health  in  an  all  around  sense. 
A  blank  is  provided  on  all  chore  records  on  which  the  child's  weight  from  month  to 
month  may  be  entered,  in  comparison  with  standard  weight  for  height  and  age,  and 
reported  to  his  parents.  The  normal  chores,  however,  have  no  particular  reference  to 
malnourished  children.    The  following  special  "nutrition  chores"  are  provided  for  them. 

1.  I  was  weighed  this  week  on  the  day  checked  (X). 

2.  Besides  a  nourishing  breakfast  and  the  noon  and  evening  meals,  I  ate  morning 
and  afternoon  lunches,  as  directed. 

3.  I  ate  only  wholesome  food  to-day,  including  at  least  a  pint  of  milk,  vegetables 
and  fruit,  as  directed;  and  tried  always  to  eat  and  drink  slowly. 

4.  I  drank  four  glasses  of  water,  some  before  each  meal,  and  drank  no  tea,  coffee 
nor  any  injurious  drink. 

5.  I  went  to  toilet  at  my  regular  time. 

6.  I  was  in  bed  last  night  ten  or  more  hours,  as  directed,  windows  open. 

7.  I  rested,  lying  down  more  than  twenty  minutes,  both  this  morning  and  this 
afternoon,  as  directed. 

8.  I  played  in  the  fresh  air  to-day,  exercising  for  the  time  and  in  the  way  directed, 

9.  I  washed  my  hands  before  each  meal  to-day. 

10.  I  brushed  my  teeth  thoroughly  after  breakfast  and  after  the  evening  meal. 

11.  I  took  a  full  bath  on  each  day  of  the  week  that  is  checked  (X). 

The  nutrition  chores  are  not  varied  for  different  school  grades.  They  may  be  used 
for  underweight  children  of  any  grade  and  may  take  the  place  of  either  Form  A,  B. 
C  or  D  of  the  normal  chores  in  determining  the  child's  chivalric  titles.  The  performance 
of  54  nutrition  chores  each  week  qualifies  the  child  as  a  Crusader. 

For  an  understanding  of  the  Crusade  nutrition  course,  the  teacher  should  apply 
for  the  "Chore  Record — Nutrition  Edition,"  and  the  circular  "Instructions  to  Teachers 
and  Nutrition  Workers." 

11.  Weighing  and  Physical  Examination 

The  nutrition  chores  are  recommended  for  children  as  much  as  10  per  cent,  below 
standard  weight.  While  it  cannot  be  shown  that  every  child  10%  under  weight  is  mal- 
nourished, 10%  or  even  7%  may  be  taken  as  an  indication  that  the  nutrition  chores  may 
be  advantageously  prescribed. 

Although  many  authorities  pronounce  overweight  of  20%  or  more  a  condition  indi- 
cating the  need  of  special  study  and  treatment,  yet  for  purposes  of  simplicity  the 
system  here  outlined  is  designed  for  use  in  relation  to  underweight  children  only. 
See  also  §  43. 

A  complete  physical  examination  by  a  physician  is  highly  desirable  for  every  child 
at  least  once  each  year.  It  is  a  first  step  required  of  children  who  are  to  become  Cru- 
saders through  the  nutrition  chores  and  should  be  repeated  when  time  for  correction 
of  defects  has  elapsed.  A  physical  examination  is  far  superior  to  mere  weighing  and 
measuring  in  determining  whether  a  child  is  undernourished  and  is  indispensable  for 
determining  certain  ailments  that  may  not  be  accompanied  by  loss  of  weight.  Never- 
theless, if  a  school  cannot  secure  the  services  of  a  physician  it  is  recommended  that  all 
pupils  be  weighed  and  that  those  10%  or  more  under  weight  be  advised  to  be  scrupu- 
lously faithful  to  their  health  chores  and  be  examined  by  a  physician  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. Undernourished  children  who  on  account  of  serious  physical  defects  or  ailments 
require  the  constant  supervision  of  a  physician  should  be  treated  in  nutrition  clinics 
or  classes  or  by  other  intensive  methods. 

13 


METHOD  OF  WEIGHING 

The  child  should  be  weighed  in  his  ordinary  indoor  clothing  without  coat  or 
sweater.  Shoes  should  be  removed.  Height  should  be  measured  at  least  every  six 
months.  The  child  should  stand  with  feet  together  and  close  against  the  measuring 
rod.  For  lack  of  a  rod,  two  yard-sticks  may  be  tacked,  or  a  tape  measure  may  be 
pasted,  on  a  wall.  A  book  placed  edgewise  on  the  head  and  against  the  tape  at  right 
angles  indicates  the  height.  Apply  the  weight,  height  and  age  to  the  standard  weight 
tables.  They  are  printed  on  the  nutrition  chore  record,  the  Roll  of  Health  Knighthood 
and  Squire's  Certificate.  See  also  §  43.  Consider  the  child's  age  to  be  that  at  his 
birthday  less  than  six  months  from  date,  either  past  or  future.  Find  the  difference 
between  his  actual  weight  and  the  standard  (average)  weight  shown  on  the  tables. 
Determine  what  percentage  of  the  standard  weight  this  difference  represents.  This  is 
done  by  adding  a  decimal  point  and  two  ciphers  to  the  difference  and  dividing  the 
standard  weight  into  it.  The  percentage  is  the  number  of  hundredths  in  the  quotient. 
A  table  giving  percentages  fully  computed  is  available.     See  list  of  supplies,  §  14. 

12.  Nutrition-Chore  Record.    A  Weight  Chart 

In  the  nutrition  chore  record  the  table  of  spaces  for  checking  chores  serves  also 
as  a  chart  for  "plotting  weight  curves."  Lines  are  drawn  on  it  to  indicate  the  child's 
change  in  weight  over  10  weeks  and  the  change  in  weight  that  the  average  child  of 
the  same  height  and  age  makes.  This  is  illustrated  in  the  chore  record  printed  on  pages 
24  and  25.  The  teacher  or  school  nurse  writes  consecutive  numbers  in  columns  R  and 
W  ranging  from  three  pounds  below  the  child's  weight  on  the  start  of  the  nutrition 
course  to  ten  pounds  above  it.  In  the  case  illustrated,  Robert's  weight  on  or  before 
February  12th  was  63  lbs.  This  is  shown  by  the  dot  made  in  column  R  at  the  scale 
division  line  for  63.  He  was  weighed  each  Friday.  The  dots  made  in  the  Friday 
columns  are  so  placed  as  to  indicate  Robert's  successive  weights  on  the  scale  in  column 
R  and  in  column  W.    The  lines  connecting  these  dots  make  his  "actual  weight  line." 

"Standard  weight"  for  a  boy  of  Robert's  age,  9,  and  height,  54  inches,  is  70  lbs.  and 
the  average  boy  of  9  gains  about  1%  lbs.  in  10  weeks,  reaching  71^  lbs.  (The  approx- 
imate gain  to  be  expected  is  shown  in  a  table  on  the  nutrition  chore  record.)  The 
straight  line  drawn  from  the  70  point  in  column  R  to  the  71^4  point  in  column  W 
accordingly  is  the  "Standard  Weight  Line."  Every  underweight  child  finds  the  interest 
of  a  game  in  striving  to  make  his  actual  weight  line  cross  the  average  weight  line,  as 
in  Robert's  case. 

The  nutrition  chore  record  is  ordinarily  kept  at  home  for  checking  the  chores  each 
day  and  is  brought  to  the  school  or  the  nutrition  class  on  the  weighing  day  each  week 
for  the  teacher  to  draw  the  weight  lines.  The  nutrition  chore  records  like  the  normal 
chore  records,  are  brought  to  the  teacher  for  determining  school  gradings  or  credits  at 
the  close  of  each  school  month  or  other  period  such  as  5  or  6  weeks  as  determined 
by  the  school. 

STORIES 

For  list  of  stories  on  nutrition,  suitable  for  the  younger  grades,  see  §  64. 

CRUSADE   SUPPLIES 

13.  Costs  and  Financing 

The  cost  of  Crusade  material  is  so  low  and  the  results  of  a  Crusade  course  are  so 
beneficial  that  all  schools  are  justified  in  including  Crusade  supplies  among  the  material 
provided  for  pupils.  For  schools  that  use  the  least  amount  of  Crusade  supplies  with 
which  the  chore  course  may  be  conducted,  the  cost  of  supplies  is  approximately  1  cent 
per  pupil  for  24  weeks.  For  schools  that  use  all  the  material  recommended,  including 
insignia  of  the  most  expensive  type,  the  cost  is  approximately  55^  cents  per  pupil.  (This 
is  increased  somewhat,  by  the  award  of  badges  to  Knights  Banneret  Constant.) 

The  number  of  schools  meeting  the  expense  of  Crusade  courses  has  multiplied 
rapidly.  The  national  and  state  tuberculosis  associations  and  the  Junior  Red  Cross, 
the  organizations  that  meet  the  expense  almost  entirely  in  the  yearly  development  of  the 
Crusade,  cannot,  from  limited  funds  contributed  for  various  lines  of  philanthropy,  per- 
manently meet  the  expense  of  a  movement  best  conducted  by  the  schools.  If  Crusade 
supplies  are  not  furnished  free  by  the  schools  or  pupils  are  not  required  to  purchase 
them  like  textbooks,  expenses  are  met  frequently  by  local  organizations,  such  as  charn- 
bers  of  commerce,  parent-teacher  associations,  patriotic  organizations  and  women's 
clubs.  A  Junior  Red  Cross  group  earned  more  than  twice  the  cost  of  Crusade  work 
in  its  community  by  charging  15  cents  admission  to  its  presentation  of  the  Crusade 
playlet  "King  Good  Health  Wins."  (See  "Playlets,"  §53.)  "Community  Suppers"  have 
proved  successful  in  financing  Crusade  work.  Money  has  been  raised  by  inviting  cer- 
tain adults  to  join  a  local  Crusade  club  or  league  as  honorary  members  with  dues  of 
from  one  to  ten  dollars. 

14 


14.  List  of  Supplies 

The  general  distributor  of  Modern  Health  Crusade  supplies  throughout  each  state 
is  the  tuberculosis  or  health  association  for  that  state  listed  on  the  last  page  of  this 
manual.  Price  quotations  may  be  obtained  by  inquiry  of  the  state  association  or  national 
association.  Sample  copies  of  printed  matter  are  sent  free  to  applicants  within  the 
state.  The  National  Association  will  mail  a  complete  set  of  sample  copies,  including 
this  manual,  on  receipt  of  4c.  postage. 

♦Chore  Records  (Normal) 

Chore  records  are  printed  in  two  editions  and  each  edition  in  Forms  A,  B,  C  and 
D  for  the  four  graded  sets  of  chores.  The  first  edition  is  in  ten  pages,  two  colors, 
carrying  scoring  spaces  for  24  weeks.  The  second  edition  is  a  single  sheet,  two  pages 
(6^x10  in.),  one  color,  with  a  score  card  for  six  weeks.  The  cost  of  one  of  the  10- 
page  records  is  approximately  twice  the  cost  of  four  of  the  two-page  records. 

*  Nutrition   chore  record   (ungraded) 

*  Brief  Explanation  for  Teachers 

*  Manual  (this  pamphlet) 

*  (Course  of  Study  in  Hygiene.    A  handbook  now  in  preparation,  outlining  for  teachers 

a  complete  course  for  each  elementary  grade  throughout  the  school  year.) 

*  Instructions  to  Teachers  and  Nutrition  Workers 

*  Table  of  percentages  under  or  over  standard  weight 

*  Squire's  Certificate  of  Enrolment 

*  Knight's  button 

Knight  Banneret's  button  or  pin 
Knight  Banneret  Constant's  pin 

*  Roll  of  Health  Knighthood  (wall  chart) 

Dennison  gummed  stars.  No.  1,  purchased  of  stationers:  green  (squire),  blue  (knight), 
red  (knight  banneret),  silver  (knight  banneret  constant),  gold  (knights  of  Round 
Table) 

*  Guide  to  Tournaments  and  Cup  Contests 

*  Report  Form  for  Tournaments  and  Cup  Contests 

*  Prompter  and  Hygienic  Inspection  Blank 

*  Round  Table  Report  Form 

Round  Table  Certificate  of  Membership 
Round  Table  Badge 

*  Keep  Well  Guide  for  Every  Day  and  Food  for  Growing  Children  (Reversible  wall 

chart  illustrated  in  colors  on  both  sides) 
Commission  for  Health  Club 
Banners  for  100%  enrolment  Knights  Banneret 
Pennants  "Modern  Health  Crusaders" 
Paper  Pennants  "Modern   Health   Crusaders" 
Panels  (posters)  on  chores,  12  to  a  set  (National  Child  Welfare  Assn.) 

*  Crusade  Minstrel  (song  book) 

*  Ellis  Parker  Butler's  Crusade  Story 

Health  Plays  listed  in  circular  "Plays  and  Pageantry" 

*  Health  Stories 

In  ordering  supplies  those  marked  with  the  star  (*)  should  be  secured  before  the 
opening  of  the  Crusade  course.   Those  not  so  marked  may  be  secured  later,  if  expedient. 

Quantities  needed  are  suggested  on  page  6.  Insignia  should  be  ordered  at  least 
3  or  4  weeks  before  they  are  earned  to  make  sure  that  the  expectant  Crusaders  be  not 
kept  waiting. 

KEEP-WELL  GUIDE  FOR  EVERY  DAY 

The  chart,  "Keep-Well  Guide  for  Every  Day,"  listed  above,  has  unusual  educative 
value. 

It  is  made  of  durable  paper,  tinned  at  top  and  bottom,  and  is  printed  in  colors  on 
both  sides,  A  time  schedule  of  hygienic  duties,  covering  the  Crusade  chores,  is  featured 
on  one  side  under  the  headings,  Morning,  Forenoon,  Noon,  Afternoon,  Evening,  All 
Day,  while  a  pleasing  cartoon  presents  a  dietary  incidentally.  The  other  side  features 
a  dietary  under  the  headings,  Breakfast,  Dinner,  Supper  or  Lunch,  The  Best  Foods 
and  Foods  to  Avoid,  while  in  the  border  eleven  drawings  of  a  high  type  of  art  illustrate 
the  chores.  The  teacher  is  instructed,  in  a  fine-print  notice,  to  expose  the  sides  alter- 
nately a  month  at  a  time. 

INTRODUCTORY  COURSE 

For  the  kindergarten  and  the  first  and  second  grades. 

15.  Crusaders'  Code 

The  Crusaders'  Code  furnishes  a  condensed  statement  of  most  of  the  health  chores 
in  the  form  of  rules.     The   Code  groups  these  rules  under  the  nine  principles  of  the 

15 


^Dl 


K 

*-:',. 

Trrp-'-p 

^r^ 

h 

L      ~ i 

^M  -'' 

f 

E 

£ 

B 

1 

i 

L. 

»,  deep  hfcJiKs 
of  frtih  lir      I  proitcicd  oihtrt  .(  I  ?pi1, 
coughed  Of  <i«JcdL 


I  wished  my  (ace,  tin  and  neck,  ind  I 
cluncJ  my  (mcemailv 


hfu'.heJ    my    teeth    chorOuKhly    jf(ef 

b'ejkfiM  and  jlicr  ihc  oemnj  nitiL 


Food  for  Growing 
Children 

Breakfast 

Fruit,  cereal,  glass  of  milk,  bread 
(whole  wheat)  and  butter,  egg. 

Dinner 

Starchy  vegetable  (potato  or  rice),  other 
vegetables  (like  string  beans,  spinach, 
carrots  or  beets),  a  little  protein  (eggs, 
peas,  beans,  fish  or  meat),  bread  and 
butter,  dessert  (plain  pudding  or  fruit). 


Portion  of  "Keep   Well   Guide"   wall   chart. 


Crusade  and  these  principles  are  symbolized  by  the  Crusaders'  cross  of  nine  circles. 
The  rules,  the  principles  and  the  cross  may  advantageously  be  used  in  health  teaching 
for  all  elementary  grades.  They  are  the  base  for  the  Crusade  course  for  the  beginning 
grades. 


1.  Air — Be  outdoors  much  of  your  time.  When  indoors,  be  sure  that  ventilation 
is  good.     Breathe  through  your  nose.     Breathe  deeply  when  exercising. 

2.  Exercise — Play  and  exercise  daily.  If  you  are  undernourished,  have  a  rest 
period  in  the  daytime;  exercise  thoroughly,  but  stop  before  you  are  tired. 

3.  Food — Eat  wholesome  food,  including  fruit,  coarse  breads,  wholegrain  cereals, 
and  vegetables  such  as  carrots  onions  and  greens  Avoid  fried  foods,  soggy  breads, 
pickles,  spices;  avoid  much  meat,  pie  crust,  cake  and  sweets,  and  all  impure  candy. 
Eat  a  nourishing  breakfast  Have  three  regula*  meals  Drink,  slowly,  at  least  two 
glasses  of  unskimmed  milk,  pasteurized  or  pure.     Drink  plenty  of  pure  water. 

4.  Cleanliness — Wash  your  hands  always  before  eating  or  handling  food.  Wash 
ears,  neck,  face  and  clean  your  fingernails  every  day.  Bathe  your  whole  body  twice  a 
week  at  least  and  shampoo  often.  Attend  to  toilet  at  a  regular  time  every  day.  Through 
right  food  and  exercise,  see  that  you  eliminate  freely.     Brush  your  teeth  thoroughly 

16 


after  breakfast  and  supper.  Remove  food  from  between  teeth.  Have  all  cavities  in 
your  teeth  filled.  Consult  a  dentist  twice  a  year.  Have  a  complete  physical  examin- 
ation each  year. 

5.  Sleep — Get  a  long  sleep  every  night.  Sleep  on  a  porch  or  have  windows  open 
top  and  bottom. 

6.  Exclusion — Keep  fingers,  pencils  and  everything  likely  to  be  unclean  out  of  your 
mouth  and  nose.  Drink  no  tea,  coffee  nor  drinks  containing  injurious  drugs.  Do  not 
smoke  or  use  tobacco  in  any  form. 

7.  Right  Thinking — Keep  your  mind  clean.  Be  kind,  cheerful  and  courageous.  Be 
sincere  and  fair. 

8.  Posture — Sit  and  stand  straight.  Lying  down,  be  long.  Hold  reading  matter 
not  less  than  12  inches  from  your  eyes.  Do  not  read  lying  down  or  facing  the  light. 
Have  your  eyesight  tested. 

9.  Helpfulness — Be  helpful  to  others.  Guard  against  accidents  to  others  and  to 
yourself.  Whenever  you  cough  or  sneeze,  turn  your  head  aside  and  cover  your  mouth 
with  your  handkerchief.  Spit  only  in  a  place  safe  for  the  health  of  all.  Keep  your 
clothes,  shoes  and  books  neat. 

16.    Kindergarten 

For  the  kindergarten  children  the  use  of  pictures  illustrating  the  various  health 
chores,  with  no  reference  to  recording  personal  performance  of  the  chores,  is  recom- 
mended. All  children  enjoy  cutting  out  and  mounting  pictures.  In  the  Story  Hour 
the  teacher  may  tell  a  story  illustrating  one  or  part  of  one  of  the  health  principles  of 
the  Crusaders'  Code,  and  ask  the  children  to  look  for  pictures  in  the  advertising  sec- 
tions of  the  magazines,  or  elsewhere,  to  illustrate  the  particular  "health  chore"  about 
which  she  has  been  telling  them.  The  pictures  may  be  brought  to  school  and  in  the 
"seat  work"  periods  they  can  be  pasted  and  mounted  in  the  cover  paper  books  which 
the  children  themselves  can  make.  These  are  the  "health  books,"  and  each  child  should 
be  encouraged  to  make  his  book  as  attractive  as  possible.     See  §  36. 

There  is  a  wide  variety  of  health  chores  contained  in  the  Crusaders'  Code.  For 
example,  under  principle  1,  four  separate  "chores"  can  be  developed: 

1 — Be  outdoors  much  of  your  time. 

2 — Have  good  fresh-air  ventilation  when  you  are  indoors. 

3 — Breathe  through  your  nose. 

A — Breathe  deeply  when  playing. 

Similarly,  under  principle  4,  the  following  cleanliness  chores  can  be  developed. 

1 — Wash  your  hands  before  eating. 

2 — Wash  your  hands  before  handling  food. 

3 — Wash  ears,  neck  and  face. 

4 — Clean  fingernails. 

5 — Take  two  baths  a  week. 

6 — Wash  hair  often. 

7 — Attend  to  toilet  at  a  regular  time  each  day. 

8 — Clean  teeth  in  the  morning  and  evening. 

In  like  manner  a  set  of  health  chores  can  be  developed  from  each  of  the  nine 
health  principles  of  the  Crusaders'  Code. 

The  teacher  knows  best  which  health  chores  are  most  necessary  for  her  particular 
group.  For  the  kindergarten  children  it  would  seem  best  to  have  in  mind  some  such 
simple  set  of  "health  chores"  as  these: 

The  "Do"  Chores 
1 — Clean  hands. 
2 — Clean  face,  ears  and  neck. 
3 — Clean  teeth. 
A — Drink  milk. 

5 — Drink  water  between  meals  and  before  breakfast. 
6 — Sleep  with  windows  open. 

7 — A  bath  at  least  once  a  week;  twice,  if  possible. 
8 — Attention  to  toilet  at  a  regular  time  each  day. 

The  "Don't"  Chores 

1 — Don't  put  fingers,  pencils  or  anything  likely  to  be  unclean  into  mouth  or  nose. 

2 — Don't  drink  tea  or  coffee. 

Advertisements  of  soap  manufacturers  offer  excellent  material  for  pictures  illus- 
trating cleanliness.  Advertisements  of  bathroom  fixtures  are  also  good  for  this  subject. 
Where  it  is  difficult  to  find  good  illustrations  for  some  of  the  chores,  simple  drawings 
can  be   made  by  the   children,  in  some   instances.     For  the  chore  regarding  regular 

17 


attention  to  toilet,  the  picture  of  a  clock,  suggesting  the  value  of  regularity,  may  be 
used.     Similar  adaptations  will  occur  to  every  teacher. 


Clean    HANhS 


tA  0  N  t^/\r 


TV  E  5    LAY 


Vec>n£  s  d  a  y 


THifP<  s  i>A  r 


FR  I  b  '^  y 


Uifivfv  /y^tiitu 


17.  First  and  Second  Grades 

For  the  first  and  second  grades  a  combination  of  the  pictured  chores  of  the  kinder- 
garten and  the  printed  chore  records  of  the  third  and  following  grades  can  be  made 
by  the  child  under  the  teacher's  direction.  The  method  is  indicated  in  the  picture 
above. 

The  name  of  the  child  should  be  written  on  his  chore  card.  The  checking  of  the 
chore  cards  can  be  done  each  day  at  a  regular  time.  Under  the  direction  of  the  teacher 
each  child  who  has  performed  the  chore  puts  an  X  on  his  chore  card  on  the  line  for 
that  day.  If  it  is  desirable  to  use  the  same  chore  card  for  two  weeks,  a  vertical  line 
can  be  drawn  through  the  middle  of  the  horizontal  lines  for  the  days  of  the  week. 
§  22  on  Prompting  and  Inspection  will  be  found  helpful  for  suggestions  on  checking  up 
the  performance  of  the  chores. 

After  one  chore  has  been  thus  recorded  for  two  weeks  (or  other  period  set  by  the 
teacher),  another  chore  should  be  added.  After  the  faithful  performance  of  two  chores 
for  a  similar  period,  a  third  chore  may  be  added.  Additional  chores  in  considerable 
variety  may  be  added  from  time  to  time  as  the  teacher  may  see  fit,  and  those  first  taken 
up  may  be  omitted  in  class  work  for  awhile,  to  be  reviewed  later. 

18.  Supplementary  Devices 

A  teacher  in  Ohio,  to  induce  her  children  to  drink  milk  and  give  up  coffee  and  tea, 
drew  a  coffee-pot  in  one  corner  of  the  blackboard  and  in  the  opposite  corner  pasted 
a  picture  of  a  fine  Jersey  cow.  Under  the  cow  was  printed,  "We  Drink  Milk,"  and  the 
names  of  the  children  who  drank  milk  were  written  beneath.  Each  week  the  list  of  the 
children  who  drank  milk  increased  until  finally  every  child  In  the  room  had  his  or  her 
name  under  the  cow.  Then  with  great  ceremony  the  coffee  pot  was  erased  from  the 
blackboard. 

To  teach  cleanliness,  another  teacher  told  her  children  the  story  of  the  "Little  Pig 
Brother"  who  had  to  go  out  and  live  with  the  pigs  because  he  wouldn't  keep  clean. 
Then  she  had  small  kodak  pictures  taken  of  each  child  and  pasted  these  on  a  large 
sheet.  Little  pigs  were  cut  out  of  paper  and  when  the  pupil  inspector  (or  teacher) 
found  a  child  with  dirty  hands  or  some  other  mark  of  uncleanliness,  that  child  had  to 
go  up  and  pin  a  little  pig  over  his  own  picture.  The  children  loved  this  game  and  soon 
cleanliness  abounded  in  that  room. 

(Above  stories  from   the  article  of  the   Child   Health    Organization,    "Playing 
the  Health  Game,"  in  the  May,  1922,  issue  of  Visual  Education.) 

In  a  Denver  school  the  teacher  drew  an  enlarged  chore  card  on  the  blackboard 
with  a  space  for  each  child's  name.  Each  morning  tiny  sticks  were  placed  on  each 
child's  desk,  each  stick  representing  a  health  chore.  The  children  held  the  sticks  in  their 
hands  while  the  teacher  read  the  chores.  For  every  chore  a  child  had  omitted,  he  laid 
a  stick  down  on  his  desk.  At  the  end  of  the  prompting,  each  pupil  had  to  tell  how  many 

18 


sticks  he  had  left  in  his  hand  and  how  many  he  had  laid  on  his  desk,  thus  combining  a 
lesson  in  arithmetic  with  a  lesson  in  health. 

19.    Stories  and  Songs 

For  the  story  hour  there  are  a  number  of  delightful  health  fairy  stories  (See 
Bibliography,  §  64).     "Billy  Boy"  is  given  below. 

BILLY    BOY 

Billy  Boy  had  been  playing  in  the  field  all  morning.  He  was  hungry  and  ran  to 
the  house  for  some  sugar  cookies. 

"Please,  mother,  I  should  like  two  of  them  to  take  with  me  to  the  pasture." 

"Take  them,  little  son,  but  be  sure  to  wash  your  hands  before  you  touch  them." 

Now  Billy  Boy  usually  minded  his  mother  because  he  loved  her  dearly,  but  today 
he  was  in  such  a  hurry  that  he  forgot. 

He  hurriedly  took  the  two  sugar  cookies  and  ran  back  to  the  pasture,  where  he 
had  piled  high  a  fortress  of  leaves.  He  sat  on  the  cushiony  walls  and  contentedly 
ate  the  cookies.    The  warm  sun  shone  on  him  and  he  nestled  closer  down  in  the  leaves. 

His  pet  pussy  came  slowly  down  the  path. 

"Come  and  sit  with  me,  Gray  Pussy,  sing  to  me  and  purr  a  story  for  me." 

"Indeed,  I  shall  not,"  said  Gray  Pussy.  "Your  face  is  dirty  and  you  didn't  wash 
your  hands  before  you  ate.  Oh,  no,  no,  I  like  to  stay  with  little  boys  who  wash  their 
hands  and  faces." 

She  walked  away,  jumped  up  on  the  fence  and  began  to  wash  her  face  with  her 
paws. 

Gallop  and  trot,  gallop  and  trot,  came  a  little  black  pony  down  the  path, 

"Why,  little  black  pony,  where  have  you  been?     Do  stop  and  play  with  me." 

"Not  today,"  said  little  black  pony.  'It  is  dinner  time  and  I  am  hungry,  but  I  do 
want  a  drink  before  I  eat.  I  always  drink  water  before  I  eat  if  I  can  get  it.  Good 
bye." 

And  he  galloped  merrily  along  down  the  path. 

Just  then  a  Scotch  collie  came  marching  along, 

"Stop  and  play  with  me.  Collie  Dog,"  said  Billy  Boy. 

"Not  today,"  said  Collie  Dog. 

"There  are  so  many  things  I  must  do  to  help  others.  Drive  the  cattle  home,  look 
after  the  sheep,  keep  the  pigs  away  from  the  apple  barrel  your  father  had  to  leave  in 
the  orchard.  No,  Billy  Boy,  it  is  more  fun  to  help  others  today.  Some  other  time  I 
will  play  with  you." 

Bang!  Billy  Boy  tumbled  over  backward  and  laughed.  He  had  been  asleep  on 
his  leaf  fortress  and  the  animals  hadn't  really  talked  to  him  at  all. 

But  as  he  went  to  the  house  he  said:  "Gray  Pussy,  I  will  wash  my  hands  before 
I  eat;  Black  Pony,  I  will  remember  to  drink  a  glass  of  water  before  my  meals,  and 
Collin  Dog,  I  want  you  to  know  I  am  going  in  right  now  and  ask  mother  to  let  me 
help  her." 

And  he  did. 

(Theresa  Dansdill,  Courtesy  Iowa  Tuberculosis  Ass'n.) 

Songs.  "The  Yankee  Doodle  Song"  and  "Round  and  Round  the  Mulberry  Bush" 
are  two  motion  songs  which  lend  themselves  very  satisfactorily  to  health  chore  drills. 
See  Section  57. 

20.  Games  and  Drills 

Drop  the  Handkerchief 

The  players  form  a  circle,  the  first  choosing  a  good  food  and  the  next  a  bad  food, 
and  so  on.  A  child  outside  the  circle  drops  a  handkerchief  behind  a  good  food,  whose 
name  is  called  out  by  the  others,  and  runs  for  the  vacant  place.  If  caught,  he  must 
gc  in  the  center  of  the  circle.  If  he  forgets  and  drops  the  handkerchief  behind  a  bad 
food  he  must  go  inside  at  once.  This  game  is  a  memory  test.  See  also  Games  for 
Elementary  Schools  in  Games  for  Playground,  Home,  School  and  Gymnasium,  by 
Jessie  H.  Bancroft.     MacMillan  Co. 

Toothbrush  drill  (see  Section  27). 

Handkerchief  drill  (see  Section  28). 

Setting-up  exercises  (see  Section  26). 

AIDS  TO  GENERAL,  NUTRITION  AND  INTRODUCTORY  COURSES 

21.  School  Aid  in  Practice  of  Hygiene 

As  required  by  law  in  some  states,  elementary  schools  are  coming  more  and 
more  to  set  aside  time  in  which  the  teachers  shall  remind  pupils  of  daily  health  chores 
and  inspect  them  to  test  observance  of  duties.  In  one  state  the  following  activities 
are   required:    (1)    daily   hygienic   inspection    (taking   about   ten    minutes),    (2)    a   two- 

19 


'minute  drill  in  physical  exercises  at  the  begiiining  ol  a  class,  at  least  four  times  a  day, 
(3)  directed  recreation  (140  to  240  minutes  per  week),  (4)  formal  gymnastics  (60 
minutes  per  week,  in  more  than  one  period),  and  (5)  instruction  in  hygiene  (at  least 
two  periods  of  10  or  15  minutes  each  per  week). 

The  Crusade  promotes  a  realization  of  the  wisdom  of  allotting  time  thus  definitely 
in  school  hours  for  practical  health  instruction  and  physical  training.  The  Crusade 
chores  supply  a  basis  for  hygienic  inspection  and  are  in  harmony  with  all  of  the  above 
hve  requirements.  The  Crusade  makes  such  requirements  interesting  both  to  teacher 
and  pupil. 

22.    Prompting  and  Inspecting 

Beginning  with  the  first  grade  and  continuing  through  the  last  grade  in  which 
health  chores  are  taught,  teachers  should  prompt  pupils  by  questioning  them  on  per- 
formance. The  methods  for  both  prompting  and  inspection  are  given  on  the  Prompter 
and  Hygienic  Inspection  Blank.  This  blank,  a  handy  sheet  6  by  9^  inches,  furnishes 
a  ready  record  for  a  class  or  row  of  ten  pupils  over  four  weeks.  (Checking  spaces  are 
provided  for  the  five  school  days  of  each  week.  It  serves  in  connection  with  any  of 
the  sets  of  chores,  A,  B,  C,  D  or  nutrition,  and  special  lists  used  in  the  first  two  grades. 

The  following  paragraphs  are  printed  on  the  blank: 

1.  Prompting 

A.  Question  the  pupils  each  day  about  their  performance  of  the  health  chores, 
asking  about  each  chore  in  turn,  thus: — Question  1-10.  How  many  of  you  yesterday 
and  so  far  today  have  done  chore  1?  Chore  2?  (Read  each  chore  from  1  to  10  after 
this  question). 

Question  11.  (Read  chore  11).  How  many  of  you  have  done  chore  11  once  this 
week?     Twice? 

Question  12.  How  many  of  you  checked  the  chores  done  yesterday  (and  Friday 
and  Saturday*)   on  your  chore  records? 

B.  Have  the  pupils  who  have  done  the  chore  in  question  hold  up  their  hands. 
After  the  name  of  each  pupil  who  does  not  hold  up  his  hand,  mark  the  serial  number 
of  the  chore  in  the  space  for  that  day.  In  the  same  way  mark  "12"  for  failures  on 
question  12. 

*To  be  included  in  question  12  on  Monday. 

2.  Inspection 

NOTE:  Any  of  the  following  three  methods  of  inspection  are  recommended:  1.  The  teacher  stands  by  a 
window  and  has  the  pupils  march  by  her  in  single  file ;  2.  The  pupils  stand  in  line,  and  the  inspector  passes  in 
review;  3.  The  pupils  sit  and  the  inspector  passes  up  and  down  the  aisle. 

A.  Conduct  the  hygienic  inspection  after  the  questioning. 

B.  Enter  the  number  of  any  chore  which  the  inspection  shows  the  pupil  has 
failed  to  perform  to  the  teacher's  satisfaction,  in  the  space  for  that  day  (unless  already 
entered). 

C.  Procedure 

1.  Call  the  class  to  attention. 

2.  Have  the  pupils  thrust  up  their  sleeves  and  place  their  hands  upon  the 
desk,  palms  down. 


Daily  Inspection  of  Chore  Perform.ance 

20 


3.  Inspect  hands  for  (a)  cleanliness,   (b)  rash,   (c)  nails  (note  dirt  and  biting). 

4.  Inspect  leeth.     Have  the  children  draw  their  lips  well  apart  to  display  the  teeth. 

5.  Observe  the  face,  ears,  neck  and  scalp.  Have  the  child  draw  his  collar  slightly 
away  from  his  neck,  turn  his  head  to  one  side,  then  to  the  other. 

6.  Inspect  shoes  for  (a)  neatness,  (b)  correct  shape,  (c)  right  ske. 

7.  Speak  privately  to  the  child  if  there  arises  anything  which  might  cause  em- 
barrassment. 

8.  Refer  the  child  to  school  nurse  or  physician  if  there  are  disease  symptoms. 

Recommendations 

For  the  more  advanced  classes  daily  hygienic  inspection  may  not  be  required,  but 
prompting  on  the   chores,   through   questioning,   should   be   maintained. 

For  a  small  class  the  teacher  alone  asks  the  question,  makes  inspection  and  enters 
the  record  on  this  blank.  For  a  large  class  she  may  appoint  a  pupil  to  inspect  each 
one  or  two  rows  and  to  record  chore  omissions.  In  classes  organized  as  Health 
Crusade  Clubs,  the  officers  do  the  inspecting  and  recording.  Competitions  between 
rows  or  teams  for  the  performance  of  the  most  chores  are  useful. 

23.  Symptoms  of  Illness 

Cases  of  contagion  discovered  by  inspection  should  be  referred  for  exclusion  to 
the  principal,  school  physician  or  nurse.  Beside  rash  and  pediculosis,  watch  should 
be  maintained  for  eye  discharge  and  the  early  signs  of  general  illness.  When  un- 
hygienic conditions  are  discovered  the  pupil  may  be  spoken  to  privately  after  class 
and  embarrassment  avoided.  Children  who  show  evidences  of  extreme  neglect  should 
be  referred  to  the  school  nurse  or  a  public  health  nurse  for  home  visits.  In  schools 
that  have  the  service  of  a  physician  and  nurse,  their  arrival  at  school  should  be 
announced  to  each  teacher  and  all  contagious  or  suspicious  cases  should  be  sent  to 
the  doctor's  office,  taking  a  reference  slip  from  the  teacher.  Any  deviation  from  the 
normal  in  a  previously  healthy  child  should  be  a  warning  to  the  teacher. 

24.  List    of    Symptoms 

The  beginning  of  most  children's  diseases  shows  one  or  more  of  the  following 
symptoms.  Depending  upon  the  severity  of  the  symptoms,  the  pupil  should  be  sepa- 
rated from  others  and  watched,  sent  to  the  doctor  or  nurse,  or  sent  home  to  the 
parents  with  a  written  explanation  and  recommendation  that  the  family  physician  be 
consulted. 

Cough.  (Children  who  sneeze  or  cough  should  be  taken  from  their  regular  seats 
and  isolated.  This  is  most  important,  for  many  diseases  are  spread  by  sneezing  and 
coughing.) 

Sore  throat  or  hoarseness.  Running  nose.  Cheeks  flushed.  Fever.  Chills.  Pallor. 
Vomiting.  Headache.  Backache.  Pain,  especially  in  the  abdomen  or  chest.  Erup- 
tions, rash,  itching,  irritation  of  the  skin. 

Red  eyes,  with  or  without  discharge,  especially  if  accompanied  by  any  of  the 
following  symptoms  of  defective  vision:  scowling,  squinting,  headache,  holding  reading 
matter  at  an  unusual  distance  from  the  eyes. 

Running  ears  and  deafness.  Swelling  in  the  neck,  particularly  if  in  the  region  of 
the  ear.  Shortness  of  breath.  Chronic  drowsiness  (usually  indicates  poor  ventilation 
or  high  temperature  in  the  school  room).  Chronic  restlessness.  Frequent  requests 
to  leave  the  room. 

Malnutrition,  loss  of  weight,  mouth  breathing,  decayed  teeth,  irritability  and  dis- 
inclination to  study  or  play  are  genera)  symptoms  indicating  a  condition  favorable 
to  disease. 

25.  Window,  Thermometer  and  Sanitary  Inspectors 

The  appointment  of  window  and  thermometer  inspectors  promotes  class  hygiene. 
Window  inspectors  open  the  windows  freely  before  the  two-minute  drills  or  at  the 
end  of  each  class  session  on  days  when  the  windows  are  largely  closed  on  account  of 
cold,  and  close  the  windows  immediately  before  studies  are  resumed,  to  the  position 
at  which  a  temperature  of  68  dc^-rees  may  be  maintained.  The  duty  of  the  thermometer 
inspector,  when  artificial  heat  is  used  or  the  windows  are  not  fully  open,  is  to  record 
the  tem.perature  periodically  morning  and  afternoon.  When  more  than  68  degrees  is 
registered  he  is  to  notify  the  teacher  promptly  and  his  record  should  be  handed  to 
her  once  a  week. 

The  sanitary  inspector  reports  to  the  teacher  any  unhealthful  conditions  found 
about  the  school  during  the  week,  such  as  unsanitary  outhouses  or  lavatories,  bad  air, 
untidy  halls,  etc.  The  teacher  may  ask  him  to  report  to  the  class  and  have  remedial 
measures  discussed.  Pupils  can  be  made  to  feel  it  an  honor  to  serve  as  inspectors  of 
either  kind.     New  ones  should  be  appointed  once  a  fortnight  or  at  regular  intervals. 

26.  Setting-Up  Exercises:  Two-Minute  Drill 

For  grades  3  to  8. 

21 


At  the  sound  of  the  bell,  inspectors  should  open  windows  without  command. 
Coats  and  sweaters  should  be  removed. 

Class:    Stand!     (Face  windows  at  once  without  command.) 

1.  Breathing.     Four  times. 

In!     Six  counts  for  inhalation. 
Out!     Four  counts  for  exhalation. 
Right   (left):    Face! 

2.  Stretching.     Four  times.     (This  exercise  must  be  done  to  response  commands, 

using  the  cues  indicated.) 
Bend!     Bend  the  trunk  forward,  touching  hands  to  toes. 
Shoulders!      Stand   erect,   touching  hands  at   sides   of   shoulders  in   passing   to 

next  position. 
Stretch!     Stretch  the  arms  upward,  palms  toward  each  other.     Do  not  bend 

backward. 
Higher!     Make  an  effort  to  stretch  higher. 

Down!      Turn    hands    and    bring   arms    sideways    downward    quickly,    without 
noise.      If  the   room  is   too   crowded   for   the   sideways    downward   movement, 

the  arms  may  be  brought  down,  close  to  the  body. 

3.  Knee  bending.     Eight  times.     (Thumbs  locked  behind  without  command.     This 

exercise  should  be  taught,  using  the  cues  indicated.     When  it  is  thoroughly 

learned,  it  may  be  done  to  rhythmic  commands.) 
Down!     Bend  the  knees  deeply. 
Up!     Stretch  the  knees  quickly. 
Right  (left):  Face! 

4.  Breathing.     Four  times. 

In!     Six  counts  for  inhalation. 
Out!     Four  counts  for  exhalation. 

Class:      Sit.  —From    Physical  Training  Syllabus,   New   York. 

Teachers  will  find  directions  for  other  forms  of  physical  exercise  for  a  class  in 
some  of  the  textbooks.  The  National  Association  will  refer  inquiries  to  publications 
on  gymnastic  exercises,  athletic  drills,  supervised  play  and  games,  in  addition  to  the 
books  named  in  this  manual.     (See  Bibliography  §64.) 

27.    Toothbrush  Drill 

On  account  of  lack  of  home  instruction  in  the  care  of  teeth,  a  toothbrush  drill 
should  be  conducted  in  elementary  classes  at  least  once  a  month  or  as  often  as  is 
necessary,  until  all  the  pupils  are  taught  thoroughly.  For  the  drill  each  child  is  requested 
to  bring  his  brush  wrapped  in  plain  paper  and  remaining  wrapped  until  the  drill.  If 
there  are  not  cups  for  all  the  children,  two  or  three  provided  with  cups,  water,  denti- 
frice and  a  basin  should  demonstrate.  The  class  should  follow  them  or  the  teacher 
in  pantomime.  The  cup,  real  or  imaginary,  is  held  in  the  left  hand  and  the  brush  in 
the  right.  If  a  brush  is  lacking  the  child  should  go  through  the  motions  with  his 
index  finger  outside  his  mouth.  The  brush  should  not  be  given  very  hard  pressure. 
No  effort  should  be  spared  to  secure  brushes  or  cups  for  all  pupils. 

Attention!     (All  in  line,  elbows  close  to  side.) 

1.  Ready — Water. 

2.  Outside  surfaces   (Brush  inserted  under  cheek.     Gums,  as  well  as  teeth,  to  be 

brushed  not  too  hard.) 

a.  "Upstairs" 

Left  side.  Down  strokes.  1  to  10. 
Right  side.  Down  strokes.  1  to  10. 
Front.  Down  strokes.     1  to  10.     Water. 

b.  "Downstairs" 

Left  side.       Up  strokes.     1  to  10. 

Right  side.     Up  strokes.     1  to  10. 

Front.  Up  strokes.     1  to  10.     Water. 

The  brushing  of  the  upstairs  and  downstairs  outside  surface  may  be  combined  in 

a  circular  motion. 
3.  Inside  surfaces.     First   (a)  "upstairs"  and  then   (b)  "downstairs." 

Left  side.       In  and  out  motion.     1  to  10. 

Right  side.     In  and  out  motion.     1  to  10. 

Front.  In  and  out  motion.     1  to  10.  Water. 

4.  Chewing  surfaces. 

a.  "Upstairs" 

Left.       Scrubbing  motion.     1  to  10. 

Right.     Scrubbing  motion.     1  to  10.     Water. 

b.  "Downstairs" 

Left.       Scrubbing  motion.     1  to  10. 

Right.     Scrubbing  motion,     1  to  10.    Water. 

22 


5.  Empty  cups  and  refill  them. 

6.  Rinse  the  mouth. 

7.  Rinse  the  brush,  shake  off  water,  wrap  it  to  take  home. 

Teeth  should  be  brushed  fully  two  minutes.  It  is  important  to  work  the  bristles 
in  between  the  teeth  as  far  as  possible.  Dental  floss  used  once  a  day,  with  care  not  to 
pull  the  gums  back,  will  clean  between  teeth  where  bristles  will  not  reach.  A  mouth 
wash  can  be  made  by  adding  to  a  pint  of  boiled  water  one  teaspoonful  of  common 
salt  and  one  tablespoonful  of  limewater.  Pupils  should  be  taught  to  consult  a  dentist 
every  six  months  or  oftener,  to  prevent  trouble  with  teeth  and  resultant  poor  health. 

28.  Handkerchief  Drill 

The  use  of  the  handkerchief  plays  so  important  a  part  in  the  prevention  of  disease 
that  a  drill  should  be  conducted  from  time  to  time  in  the  beginning  grades.  Many 
physicians  hold  that  blowing  the  nose  wrongly  is  the  chief  cause  of  deafness. 

The  important  points  to  remember  are: 

1.  Must  have  a  clean  handkerchief  each  day. 

2.  Keep  it  in  pocket  when  not  in  use. 

3.  Cover  nose  and  mouth  with  handkerchief  when  coughing  or  sneezing. 

4.  Use  handkerchief  in  blowing  the  nose. 
Procedure  to  be  followed  in  giving  the  drill: 

1.  Each  pupil  displays  a  clean  handkerchief. 

2.  Folds  it  loosely  in  hand. 

3.  Blows  one  nostril  gently  with  mouth  slightly  open,  closing  the  opposite 
nostril — is  never  to  blow  both  nostrils  at  the  same  time. 

4.  Returns  handkerchief  to  pocket  after  folding  the  soiled  side  in. 

This  drill  is  best  conducted  in  the  game  spirit  and  may  be  made  a  matter  of 
routine  given  twice  daily  in  the  first  term,  at  the  opening  of  the  morning  and  afternoon 
sessions.  The  teacher  or  pupil  inspectors  should  inspect  the  handkerchiefs  at  the 
beginning  of  the  drill. 

— Adapted  from  the  Cleveland  School  of  Education. 

29.  Tournaments 

The  Modern  Health  Crusade  is  planned  to  interest  children  in  health.  Group 
contests  are  one  of  the  best  means — contests  in  the  performance  of  the  most  chores 
on  the  average  for  the  group  are  effective  between  rows,  classes,  individual  schools 
and   the    collective   school   of   counties   and    states.      Crusade    tournaments    are    such 


: 

mt 

^,_ 

^ 

T" 

- 

vH 

^1 

'm 

^^1 

4M 

% 

fV 

tl 

.TiH 

n 

-< 

Idl 

9 

A  Rural  School  Winner  ix  National  Tournament 
23 


J^\3€^t  Hevrlya      „ 

OR  G"^* 

R 


NAME  OF   BOY  OR  GIRL 
R 


MODERN   h 

Record  of  Health  Chores- 

Age..^..:^9.^X:^,..Height.SA^.\ys.^^S>.... 


1.     1  was  weig 


2.  Besides 
and  eve 
lunches,  a 

3.  I  ate  only 
at   least  a 
directed; 
slowly. 

4.  1    drank 
each  mea 
injurious 


5.     I  went  t 


6.  I  was  in  be 
directed, 

7.  I   rested, 
utes,  both 
as  directed. 

8.  1  played 
for  the  tim 


9.     I  washed  m 


10,     I  brushed 
and  after 


n.     I  took  a  fu 
that  is  chec 


Total  number 


CERTIFICATION 

I  certify  on  my  honor  that  I  did  every  chore  marked 
on  the  day  indicated,  and  the  total  number  written  on 
this  record  for  each  week. 


I  believe  that  the  boy  or  girl  whose  name  is  vvritten 
•  oove  did  the  number  of  health  chores  indicated'. 


if  boy  or  girl)  •  ^ 


^^\Sigiuture  of  boy  or  girl)  •  O  ■ 


(Signature  of  parent  or  guardian) 


I  approve  the  above  record  of  chores  done.  This  pupil  was  examined  by  a  physician  before  the  first  week  of 
the  record,  and  the  report  was  considered  in  instructions  given.  The  pupil  also  submitted  in  advance  a  statement 
of  his  diet   for  two  consecutive  days,  and  of  the  manner  in  which  he  spent  the  hours  of  the  day. 

^c**..4w^. A-*f4-ik^ (kM^...^4:^..4.'^ 
(Signature  by  tefafch^nurj*  pr  phyiician)              (School) 


(Post  OfRce  Address) 


(Grade) 


24 


5,TH   CRUSADE 

fid  Chart  for  Weight  Lines 


Date 


VcVorV^rvj  iCL^ ro  .A^^*A>^ 


W  )f 


r 


Statements  To  Be  Filled  in  By  Your  Teacher  and  Shown  To  Your  Parents         ^^ 

(a)     The  average  weight  for  your  height  and  age  isrjftlbs.    (b)     Your  weight  was. G^lbs.  on. r^.  f?.-.  ^.. 

192 ir  showing  that  you  were.!],  .lbs.  or.l^.%  under  average  weight,    (c)     The  increase  in  weight  expected  of 

a  person  of  your  age  and  height  who  is  underweight  is  more  than  S.'.Tlf'lhs.  for  ten  weeks. —  (See  Table  C.) 

Bring  this  record  from  home  on  the  day  when  you  are  to  be  weighed  each  week,  in  order  to  have  your  weight- 
line  drawn. 

•In  this  column  the  teacher  or  nurse  is  to  write  consecutive  numbers  in  the  spaces  from  the  bottom  to  the  top,  ranging:  from  3 
pounds  below  the  child's  weight  to  10  pounds  above  it.  The  weight  should  be  taken  within-  two  weeks  before  he  begins  the  chore*. 
Each  number  is  written  immediately  above  the  base  (bottom)  line  of  its  space.  This  base  line  indicates  whole  pounds:  the  firit 
spur,  above- the  base  line  in  each  space  indicates  one-quarter  pound  idditional;  the  second -spur,  one-half  pound  additionaJ;  and  the  third 
spur,  three-quarters  of  a  pound  additional. 


25 


Qodern  )5:ealth  Qrusade 

Holl  of 

izealth 

Jfnighthood 


Date  Contest  Began    iSi^-'^t&^^lj^ 


contests  between  individual  schools  or  classes  over  a  fixed  number  of  consecutive 
weeks. 

There  are  two  National  Tournaments  in  a  school  year,  each  lasting  over  fifteen 
consecutive  weeks.  Every  elementary  school  class  with  an  enrolment  of  not  less 
than  seven  pupils  is  eligible  to  compete.  Contestants  are  grouped  in  eleven  divisions 
so  that  the  younger  pupils  need  not  compete  with  the  older  nor  the  larger  classes 
with  the  smaller.  Divisions  1  and  2  are  ungraded  schools,  containing  less  than  nine- 
teen pupils  and  those  containing  nineteen  or  more  pupils.  Divisions  3  to  11  are  classes 
grouped  in  grades  and  containing  less  than  26  or  more  than  25.  Beautiful  banners 
and  pennants  are  awarded  as  prizes  and  extensive  publicity  is  accorded.  The  first 
tournament  occurs  between  the  first  Sunday  in  September  and  the  last  Saturday  in 
February:  the  second  tournament,  between  the  first  Sunday  in  January  and  the  second 
Saturday  in  June.  Within  these  dates  the  teacher  submits  the  record  of  her  pupils' 
performance   of  chores  over  whatever  period   of  fifteen  weeks   she   chooses. 

The  winners  in  the  tournament  are  determined  by  Crusade  credits.  The  individual 
pupil  earns  a  credit  of  1  for  each  week  in  which  he  has  a  record  of  performing  54  or 
more  chores,  including  a  bath.  The  highest  number  of  credits  a  pupil  can  have  is  15, 
1  for  each  of  the  15  weeks.  The  credits  of  the  class  are  the  average  credits  of  the 
pupils. 

A  winner  in  any  division  of  either  tournament  is  the  class  or  ungraded  school 
earning  the  largest  number  of  credits  in  the  15  weeks.  All  contestants  earning  class 
credits  of  15  are  awarded  pennants.  A  banner  is  awarded  to  the  winning  contestant 
in  each  division  whose  record  shows  the  greatest  number  of  chores  performed  during 
the  15  weeks. 

The  rules  for  the  tournaments  are  given  in  the  "Guide  to  Tournaments  and  Silver 
Cup  Contests."  The  circular  and  the  required  report  form  will  be  sent  free  to  any 
teacher  applying.  The  teacher  should  keep  all  the  pupils'  chore  records  for  use  in 
rendering  the  report  for  the  tournament.  The  reports  must  be  sent  in  before  March 
14  for  the  first  tournament  and  before  June  30  for  the  second  tournament  and  cup 
contests. 

30.  Inter-State  and  Inter-City  Contests 

In  contesting  in  the  National  Tournament  each  school  contributes  to  the  success 
of  its  state  in  the  Inter-State  Cup  Contest.  The  silver  cup,  a  beautiful  and  costly 
trophy,  donated  to  the  National  Tuberculosis  Association,  is  awarded  to  the  schools 
of  the  state  in  which  the  required  number  of  health  chores  are  performed  for  15  weeks 
by  the  most  children,  in  ratio  to  school  enrolment.  The  performance  of  54  or  more 
health  chores  in  each  week  is  required  of  each  child.  The  15  weeks  need  not  be  con- 
secutive, but  must  be  included  within  the  school  year  from  September  to  June.  This 
contest  is  conducted  annually.  The  cup  is  awarded  for  one  year,  but  becomes  the 
permanent  property  of  the  state  in  which  it  is  won  three  times.  The  cup  is  held  in 
custody  for  the  schools  in  the  winning  state  by  the  state  health  association  or  by  the 
state  department  of  education.     The  cup  has  been  won  by  Iowa  and   Idaho. 

A  similar  contest  is  held  between  cities  having  a  population  of  100,000  or  more, 
and  the  trophy,  another  beautiful  cup,  is  awarded  under  like  conditions.  It  has  been 
won  by  Washington,  D.  C. 

31.  Roll  of  Health  Knighthood 

The  Roll  is  an  attractive  wall  chart.  It  is  of  great  value  in  stimulating  pupils  to 
fidelity   in   contests.     The   Crusade   credits   earned   by   each   pupil   towardu   the   class 

26 


credits  are  entered  in  columns  for  each  school  month  and  are  posted  before  the  class. 
For  other  features  see  p.  5. 

32.  Community  Contests 

As  the  chores  are  hygienic  duties  that  should  be  observed  by  every  adult,  great 
interest  may  be  aroused  and  great  good  accomplished  by  a  competition  to  enlist  the 
most  Crusaders  both  of  school  and  other  ages  within  a  community.  The  pupils  of 
a  class  or  school  are  divided  for  the  contest  into  two  groups  substantially  equal  in 
number,  range  of  age,  and  influence.  A  reward  is  offered  to  the  side  that  shall  enlist 
most  persons  who  perform  54  or  more  chores  each  week  and  check  them  on  the  chore 
records  for  fixed  periods  such  as  5,  10,  or  15  weeks.  Pupils  may  be  given  chore 
records  of  the  most  advanced  form,  D,  to  distribute  to  adults.  The  number  of  hours 
required  to  spend  in  bed  may  be  reduced  to  eight  for  adults. 

33.  Knighting  Crusaders 

The  award  of  titles  and  presentation  of  badges  should  be  carried  out  with  cere- 
mony. Crusade  health  teachings  are  probably  imprinted  for  life  on  the  minds  of  boys 
and  girls  who  are  formally  dubbed  knights  and  knights  banneret.  The  event  should 
be  made  an  educational  entertainment  to  which  the  public  is  invited.  The  newspapers 
should  be  given  the  story  and  the  names  of  the  knights.  The  ceremony  (accolade) 
given  below  is  a  piece  of  pageantry  readily  made  impressive  to  participants  and 
spectators  alike. 

For  the  accolade  the  candidates  are  assembled  in  one  room  or  in  an  open  space 
out  of  doors.  If  they  represent  more  than  one  class  they  should  be  grouped  by  classes. 
The  schoolmates  of  the  candidates  should  be  assembled  to  witness  the  ceremony,  but 
should  be  kept  in  a  separate  group. 


Inter-City  Cup,  Won  by  Washington,  D.  C,  Schools,  and  Presented 
BY  President  Harding 

27 


The  ceremony  is  conducted  by  the  principal  (Crusade  grand  master)  and  teacher^ 
(Crusade  masters).  If  the  number  of  candidates  is  small,  the  sword  blows  should 
be  given  to  each  one.  But  one,  two  or  three  children  from  each  class  may  be  chosen 
to  represent  all  the  candidates.  If  a  sword  is  lacking,  a  national  flag,  furled  on  its 
staff,  may  be  used  for  the  blows. 

If  there  is  but  one  class  or  ungraded  school,  the  teacher,  in  the  absence  of  the 
principal,  may  take  his  part,  while  chosen  pupils  give  the  response  for  the  Crusade 
master. 

34.   Accolade 

1.  Singing  of  a  Modern  Health  Crusade  song. 

2.  The  grand  master  occupies  the  center  of  the  stage,  carrying  a  sword.  Between 
the  grand  master  and  the  candidate  stand  the  Crusade  masters,  each  facing  partly 
toward  the  grand  master  and  partly  toward  her  group. 

GRAND  MASTER:     Hail!     Whom  bring  you  here? 

FIRST  CRUSADE  MASTER:  True  and  loyal  workers,  sir;  candidates  for 
knighthood. 

GRAND  MASTER:  And  you,  my  sister,  who  are  these  who  follow  you  with 
such  good  will? 

SECOND  CRUSADE  MASTER:  True  and  loyal  workers,  sir;  candidates  for 
knighthood. 

(The  grand  master  makes  similar  inquiries  of  any  other  Crusade  masters,  who 
reply  in  turn.) 

GRAND  MASTER  (addressing  the  candidates):  What  is  the  quest  which  you 
will  seek  if  created  knights? 

CRUSADE  MASTER  OR  CANDIDATES  (in  unison):  Our  quest  is  happiness, 
both  for  others  and  ourselves. 

GRAND  MASTER:  In  truth  you  are  ambitious.  Have  you  brought  silver  and 
gold  to  exchange  for  your  precious  boon? 

FIRST  CRUSADE  MASTER:  Nay,  nay,  sir.  Silver  and  gold  have  we  not. 
We  know  that  happiness  is  not  purchased  with  silver  and  gold. 

GRAND  MASTER:  You  have  well  said.  What,  then,  have  you  with  which  you 
hope  to  obtain  happiness? 

FIRST  CRUSADE  MASTER:  Three  things  we  bring:  clean  bodies,  clean 
minds  and  kind  hearts. 

GRAND  MASTER  (to  other  Crusade  masters):     And  you? 

OTHER  CRUSADE  MASTERS  OR  CANDIDATES  (in  unison):  We  bring 
the  same,  sir:  clean  bodies,  clean  minds  and  kind  hearts. 

GRAND  MASTER:  Now  indeed  I  do  perceive  that  you  bring  offerings  more 
worthy  than  silver,  gold  or  precious  stones.  A  kind  heart  cannot  live  in  the  same 
body  with  a  foul  mind,  nor  can  kind  hearts  and  clean  minds  comfortably  dwell  in  any 
but  clean  bodies.  Squires,  you  are  already  on  the  way  to  happiness.  Follow  the 
straight  and  narrow  path  of  Modern  Health  Crusaders.  Be  on  your  guard  against 
that  demon  of  unhappiness — disease.  If  you  observe  the  Crusaders'  rules  of  health 
you  will  rob  this  demon  of  many  of  his  terrors. 

Tell  me  now,  my  sisters,  are  you  satisfied  that  these  candidates  have  each  faith- 
fully performed  their  health  chores  and  kept  their  records  for  the  time  required  for 
knighthood? 

CRUSADE  MASTERS   (in  turn):     We  are. 
GRAND  MASTER:     Give  heed,  my  true  and  loyal  workers,  and  receive  the  investi- 
ture of  the  order. 

(The  representatives  of  each  group  in  turn  come  forward  on  signal  by  the  grand 
master  and  kneel  on  one  knee  or  stand  with  bowed  head  before  him.  The  grand 
master  then  lightly  taps  each  representative  with  the  flat  of  his  sword  once'on  ithe 
right  shoulder.) 

GRAND  MASTER:  Squire  of  the  Modern  Health  Crusade,  by  the  authority  of 
the  (name  of  state)  Legion  of  Modern  Health  Crusaders,  I  do  now  create  each  pne 
of  you  a  Knight  Crusader  and  invest  you  with  the  honors  of  the  order.  May  you  gi^ow 
in  the  knowledge  of  health  and  be  always  found  fighting  our  common  enemy,  Disease. 

(The  Crusade  masters  now  come  forward  one  at  a  time  and  receive  from  jthe 
grand  master  the  knights'  badges.  The  representatives  return  with  them  to  their 
groups.) 

3.  When  the  degree  has  been  conferred  upon  the  last  group,  all  again  sing  a 
modern  Health  Crusade  song.    The  Crusade  masters  afterward  distribute  the  badges. 

KNIGHTS    BANNERET 

-  The  ceremony  for  knights  banneret  and  for  knights  banneret  constant  is  the 
same  as  for  knights,  with  the  following  changes.  The  grand  master  addresses  the 
candidates  as  "sir  knights"  instead  of  "squires."  The  sword  blows  are  two,  one  on 
each  shoulder. 

28 


KxiGHTixr;  Crusaders,  24th  Street  School,  Denver 


To  add  to  the  occasion,  a  Modern  Health  Crusade  flag  may  be  unfurled  after  the 
title  has  been  conferred  on  the  knights  banneret.  The  grand  master  summons  them 
to  come  forward,  saying,  "Arise,  chevaliers  of  health,  to  receive  your  standard." 

35.    Costumes 

The  knighting  ceremony  will  be  heightened  by  the  use  of  white  capes  and  paper 
helmets.     They  are  serviceable  in  "King  Good  Health  Wins"  and  other  playlets.     The 

capes  are  circular-shaped,  of  muslin, 
painted  with  health  crosses.  Scarlet  bloom- 
ers and  white  hose  go  well  with  the  capes. 
The  pattern  for  a  Crusader's  helmet,  to 
be_  used  on  all  occasions  when  the  health 
drive  is  featured,  is  very  simple  and  can 
easily  be  made  in  a  seat-work  period.  The 
material  is  stiff  paper,  preferably  gray,  put 
together  with  McGill  fasteners  (spreading 
strips  of  brass).  No  paste  is  needed.  The 
following  dimensions  make  a  helmet  of 
correct  size  for  the  average  intermediate 
grade  child:  helmet,  22  by  11  inches;  visor, 
16  by  5^;  chin  strap,  WA  by  2^^.  After  the 
helmet  is  cut  and  put  together,  insignia 
may  be  painted  on  in  red. 


visoa 


MtLMET 


PATTttKH 

MEALTM  CRUSADER'S 
HOJILT 


CHIN  srMP 


tVf 


36.    Health  Books 

During  several  of  the  early  years  of  the  child's  schooling,  "health  books"  will  prove 
valuable  aids  to  Crusade  courses.  They  are  loose-leaf  books  made  by  the  child.  They 
are  commonly  made  of  sheets  approximately  9  by  12  inches  bound  together  at  one  end 
by  two  McGill  fasteners  or  by  cord.  The  paper  should  be  thick  and  tough,  preferably 
of  a  bright  color. 

The  child's  name  and  "Health  Book"  should  be  printed  with  pen  and  ink  on  the 
cover,  some  idealistic  pictures  like  a  knight,  cut  out  from  a  magazine,  may  be  pasted 
on  the  cover.  Some  of  the  inside  pages  should  be  of  the  pictorial  scrap-book  type. 
Magazine  pictures  illustrating  chores  or  the  "project"  picture  chore  records  used  in 
the  first  and  second  grades  (see  §  17)  are  pasted  on  the  pages.  Pictures  illustrating 
wholesome  food  may  be  clipped  from  magazines  or  seed  catalogues  or  the  labels  of 
cans  and  a  balanced  dietary  may  be  shown  in  a  way  to  make  the  child  remember  it. 

The  squire's  certificate  is  a  valuable  insert  for  the  health  book.  One  of  the  printed 
chore  records  on  which  the  child  has  recorded  his  performance  may  be  pasted  in  the 
health  book  as  a  souvenir.  When  the  chore  record  is  badly  worn  or  is  to  be  retained 
by  the  teacher  for  her  tournament  report  the  child  copies  his  original  checkings  on  a 
second  chore-record  blank.  Health  posters  and  drawings  made  by  the  child  should 
be  kept  in  his  health  book:  so  also  compositions  that  meet  with  the  teacher's  com- 
mendation. 

29 


A  competition  to  produce  the  best  health  book  is  efifective.  Both  appearance  and 
soundness  of  health  teachings  should  be  considered. 

For  Poster  Contests,  Playlets,  Clubs  and  other  aids,  see  §  51  to  §  61. 

ADVANCED  COURSE 

37.  The  Round  Table  of  the  Modern  Health  Crusade 

The  activities  recommended  for  an  advanced  course  under  the  Crusade  system  are 
grouped  in  the  program  of  the  Round  Table.  The  work  and  tests  required  to  become 
a  Knight  of  the  Round  Table  are  especially  fitted  to  children  of  the  higher  grammar 
grades  and  high  school.  A  child  must  have  become  a  Crusader  of  the  rank  of  Knight 
Banneret  through  the  chores  of  the  general  course,  before  he  can  become  a  Knight  of 
the  Round  Table. 

Through  the  re-creation  of  the  Round  Table,  a  subject  that  has  captured  the  in- 
terest of  children  for  centuries  past,  the  unique  interest  of  the  Crusade  is  extended  for 
children  from  the  practice  of  the  health  chores  to  the  study  of  hygiene,  the  acquisition 
of  physical  and  athletic  fitness  in  various  ways,  and  participation  in  community  sani- 
tation work.  The  Round  Table  gives  the  pupil  a  motive  to  work  in  these  lines,  thus 
lightening  the  task  of  the  teacher.  It  entails  no  organization  obligations.  The  work 
and  examinations  of  the  Round  Table  are  already  employed  in  physical  education  work 
in  thousands  of  schools  to  sufficient  extent  to  "earn  seats  at  the  Round  Table."  Mem- 
bership in  the  order  of  the  Round  Table  affords  the  highest  distinction  in  health  chiv- 
alry. A  Knight  Banneret  qualifying  for  the  Round  Table  has  a  membership  for  three 
years,  approximately.  It  terminates  December  31st  in  the  third  school  year  following 
the  school  year  in  which  the  pupil  earned  his  or  her  seat.  The  membership  of  a  Knight 
Banneret  Constant  in  the  Round  Table  is,  however,  permanent.  He  has  the  supreme 
title  of  health  chivalry.  Knight  Constant  of  the  Round  Table.  Crusaders  who  have  the 
three-year  membership  in  the  Round  Table  become  Knights  Constant  of  the  Round 
Table  on  completion  of  the  health  chores  for  four  years  as  required  to  become  Knights 
Banneret  Constant. 

A  certificate  of  membership  in  the  Order  is  awarded  by  the  National  Tuberculosis 
Association.  It  is  issued  to  each  qualifying  Crusader  by  the  association  for  his  state 
or  the  state  superintendent  of  schools.  Every  Knight  of  the  Round  Table  is  likewise 
entitled  to  wear  the  beautiful  badge  of  the  Order.  Under  manufacturing  arrangements 
made  by  the  National  Tuberculosis  Asociation,  the  badge  may  be  purchased  at  low 
cost  (30c.)  by  the  knight  or  by  the  local  organization  promoting  Crusade  work.  An 
accolade  for  the  investiture  is  given  in  §  50. 

38.  Qualifications  for  Seats 

All  Modern  Health  Crusaders  with  rank  as  high  as  Knight  Banneret  are  eligible  to 
the  Round  Table.  The  pupil  secures  a  "seat"  by  earning  100  or  more  points  through 
some  of  the  following  qualifications.    They  represent  a  possible  300  points. 

1.  Obtaining  a  school  mark  of  85%  or  more  in  a  course  in  hygiene  of  the  standard 
described  below.    20  to  30  points. 

2.  Passing  the  athletic  tests  described.    20  to  30  points. 

3.  Having  a  weight  approximating  or  reaching  the  standard  for  height  and  age. 
10  to  30  points. 

4.  Passing  the  tests  described  for  correct  posture.     20  to  30  points. 

5.  Passing  physical  examinations  as  described.     5  to  50  points. 

6.  Passing  the  examination  required  for  the  Certificate  of  First  Aid  issued  by  the 
American  Red  Cross.    30  points. 

7.  Passing  the  tests  in  swimming  required  by  the  American  Red  Cross  for  Junior 
Life-saving  Crews.     10  to  30  points. 

8.  Scouting  and  Camp  Fire  Girls.     10  to  30  points. 

9.  Work  in  a  community  sanitation  program,  in  accordance  with  §49.  5  to  40 
points. 

39.  Tests 

The  work,  tests  or  examinations  through  which  the  100  points  are  earned  must 
all  be  carried  out  within  one  and  the  same  year  (school  or  calendar).  Tests  should 
be  made  as  early  as  possible  in  the  school  year  so  that  in  case  of  failure  the  pupil  may 
have  as  long  as  possible  after  learning  his  defects  to  remove  them  and  make  a  second 
trial. 

The  candidate  for  the  Round  Table  who  has  not  already  become  Knight  Banneret 
may  do  the  chores  necessary  to  become  Knight  Banneret  during  the  year  in  which  he 
meets  the  other  Round  Table  requirements. 

The  smallest  number  of  points  specified  above  for  each  test  is  the  minimum  num- 
ber that  may  be  credited.  No  points  are  credited  for  partial  success  in  tests  insufficient 
for  the  minimum  number  of  points. 

30 


In  schools  having  a  physician,  nurse  or  physical  training  teacher,  some  or  all  of  the 
tests  should  be  made  by  them.  In  their  absence,  the  tests  for  enough  qualifications  for 
the  Round  Table  may  be  conducted  by  the  teacher  alone,  in  a  school  with  a  hygiene 
course. 

40.    Reports 

When  a  candidate  is  entitled  to  a  seat  and  certificate,  a  report  on  the  points  earned, 
including  dates  of  the  tests,  is  to  be  sent  by  his  teacher  or  principal  to  the  association 
for  his  state  listed  on  the  back  page  of  this  manual  or  to  the  state  superintendent.  The 
report  should  be  sent  in  as  soon  as  the  candidate  has  earned  the  required  points,  so 
that  he  may  be  promptly  admitted  to  the  Round  Table  without  waiting  until  other 
candidates  may  qualify. 

The  report  blank  is  published  by  the  National  Tuberculosis  Association. 

EXPLANATION   OF  QUALIFICATIONS 
4L    Hygiene  Course 

The  course  in  hygiene  must  require  at  least  20  minutes  of  class  instruction  per  week 
for  30  weeks  in  one  school  year,  or  proportionately  more  minutes  for  a  less  number  of 
weeks.  The  course  must  be  based  on  up-to-date  textbooks  in  hygiene  or  in  hygiene  and 
physiology  in  combination,  with  the  emphasis  placed  on  hygienic  practice  and  habit 
and  not  on  physiological  information.  The  number  of  points  earned  by  a  candidate 
for  the  Round  Table  is  determined  by  his  marks,  thus: 

For  a  mark  of  95  or    more    (basis    100) 30 

For  a  mark  of  90    but    not    95 25 

For  a  mark  of  85    but    not    90 20 

For  a  mark  of   less   than    85    0 

42.    Athletic  Tests 

These  tests  are  the  Athletic  Badge  Tests  standardized  by  the  Playground  and 
Recreation  Association  of  America  (1  Madison  Ave.,  New  York  City). 


For  Boys. 
First  test:         Pull   up    (chinning) 4  times  _  20  points 

Standing  broad  jump 5  ft.  9  in. 

60-yard  dash 8-3/5  seconds 

Second  test:     Pull  up   (chinning) 6  times  25  points 

Standing  broad  jump 6  ft.  6  in. 

60-yard  dash 8  seconds 

Or  100-yard  dash 14  seconds 

Third  test:       Pull  up   (chinning) 9  times  _  30  points 

Running  high  jump 4  ft.   4  in. 

220-yard  run 28  seconds 


First  test: 


Second  test: 


Third  test: 


For  Girls. 

All-up  Indian  club  race 30  seconds  20  points 

Or    potato    race 42  seconds 

Basket-ball  goal  throwing 2  goals,  6  trials 

Balancing 24  ft..  2  trials 

All-up  Indian  club  race 28  seconds  25  pomts 

Or    potato    race 39  seconds 

Basket-ball   goal  throwing 3  goals,  6  trials 

Balancing  (bean  bag  or  book  on  head) 24    t     2  t    aj^      3^  ^^^,^ 

Running  and  catching j"  seconas 

Throwing  for  distance,  basket-ball 42  ft. 

Or  volley-ball *!-•=.•, 

Volley-ball  serving 3  in  5  trials 

51 


There  are  no  weight  nor  age  limits  in  these  tests.  They  are  suitable  for  normal 
children  from  11  years  upward.  It  is  necessary  to  qualify  at  one  time  in  all  three  events 
in  any  one  test  in  order  to  win  the  points  for  the  Round  Table  or  the  badges  of  the 
Playground  and  Recreation  Association.  The  points  won  in  only  one  of  the  three 
tests  can  be  counted  for  the  Round  Table:  30  is  the  maximum  number.  For  rules  and 
instructions  secure  the  booklets,  "Athletic  Badge  Test,"  for  boys  and  for  girls,  respec- 
tively, sent  postpaid  for  5  cents  each  by  the  Playground  Association.  The'  badges, 
in  bronze,  make  beautiful  prizes.  They  are  made  in  three  classes,  corresponding  to 
the  three  tests,  as  illustrated  on  the  preceding  page. 

43.    Correct  Weight 

One  of  the  qualifications  desired  in  a  candidate  for  the  Round  Table  is  a  weight 
consistent  with  physical  fitness.  Malnutrition,  exceedingly  common  among  school 
children,  constitutes  a  serious  menace  to  health.  Excessive  overweight  is  likewise 
conducive  to  disease.  The  following  tables,  A  and  B,  give  standard  weights  for  height 
and  age  in  school  children.  Children  weighing  as  much  as  10  per  cent,  below  standard, 
and  in  many  instances  7  per  cent.,  may  be  considered  probably  malnourished.  Table  C 
gives  the  standard  weights  for  older  persons,  as  determined  by  the  experience  of  a 
great  life  insurance  company. 

Both  age  and  height  should  be  considered  in  determining  whether  a  person's  weight 
is  correct.  For  growing  children,  height  measured  at  six-month  intervals,  preferably 
in  September  and  March,  should  be  considered.  See  §  11,  Weighing  and  Physical  Ex- 
amination. 

In  determining  points  for  the  Round  Table  standard  weight  or  a  weight  within  the- 
"normal  zone,"  namely:  from  less  than  10%  below  to  less  than  20%  above  standard, 
is  credited  with  30  points,  except  during  the  first  two  months  of  the  school  year. 
Weights  showing  greater  variation  from  normal  are  credited  in  accordance  with  Table 
D  below. 

Here  is  an  example.  Jane  Smith  weighs  53  pounds  in  April  and  is  52  inches  tall. 
On  her  last  birthday  in  September  she  was  nine  years  old.  April  is  seven  months  after 
September  and  five  months  before  September.  Hence  her  age  next  September,  her 
nearest  birthday,  is  considered  ten  years.  Looking  down  the  column  for  ten  years 
until  the  figure  in  line  with  the  height,  52  inches,  in  the  first  column  is  reached,  her 
normal  weight  is  found  to  be  65.  Finding  the  difference  between  65  and  53,  we  have  12 
pounds  underweight.  By  dividing  65  into  12.00  we  find  that  12  is  18.4  per  cent,  of  65. 
This  means  that  Jane  comes  in  Class  C  in  Table  D  and  can  be  credited  with  only 
5  points. 

STANDARD  WEIGHT  TABLES  FOR  HEIGHT  AND  AGE 

Table  A 


Height 

and 

Weight 

Table 

for 

Boys 


Prepared    by 

Dr.  Thomas 

D.  Wood. 

Courtesy 

Child 

Health 

Organization 


HEIGHT 

5 

6 

7 

8 

g 

10 

n 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IR 

INCHES 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yri. 

39 

85 

36 

37 

• 

40 

»7 

38 

30 

41 

39 

40 

41 

42 
43 
44 

41 
43 
45 

42 
44 

40 

43 
45 
46 

i 

IE 

© 

^ 

g, 

45 

47 

47 

48 

4ft 

49 

4a 

-18 

49 

50 

60 

51 

fn 

51 

52 
61 
66 

52 

53 
55 
58 

54 

49 

it 

60 
61 
62 

— [  ' 

59 

60 

60 

61 

62 

CO 

CI 
C3 

62 
61 
67 
70 

63 

65 
68 

l\ 

6i 

65 

63 

61 

72 
75 
79 

65 

76 

IS 

86 
89 
93 
97 

3 

84 
87 
90 
91 
99 

W 

P? 

--:::::::™::::::::^? 

67 

--81 

82 
83 
88 

11 

85 
88 
92 
97 
102 

88 
90 
94 
99 
104, 

91 

69 

CO 

87 

101 
106 

,v> 

«1 
82 

108 

110 

es 

04 

87 

::::;.::.■.":::;;;. 

.::." 

100 

105 

102 
1)7 
.113 

104 
109 
115 

106 

ni 

117 

109 
114 
118 

111 
115 
119 

113 
117 
120 

116 
119 

122 

...'".*.V.V.'."."7"." 



:-.ii2o 

• -• isa 

122 
126 

123 

127 

128 

125 
129 

126 
130 

88 

.......... 

130 

131 

132 
13« 
140 
114 

133 

i;{t 

135 

89 
70 
71 

—  - 

.'.'."Z 

- 138 

139 
112 

141 
115 

112 
1(8 

143 
147 

72 
73 

.::.-:::::r.~T 

rr~ 

m 

119 
154 
159 
164 

150 
155 
160 
165 

151 
156 
161 
166 

152 
157 
162 
167 

JJ 

~" 

~ 

Age       Ounces 

169 
174 

Af 

no 

171 
176 

o 

173 

izLI 

unces 

About  what  a 

5 

to    8         6               14  to  16        16 

boy  should  gain 

5 

to  12         8               16  to  18         8 

eacl 

1  mon 

th 

12 

to 

14 

1 

2 

32 


Table  B 


Height 

and 

Weight 

Table 

for 
Girls 


Prepared    by 

Dr.  Thomas 

D.  Wood. 

Courtesy 

Child 

Health 

Organization 


HEIGHT 
NCHjES 

5 

Yrs. 

6 

Yrs. 

7 
Yrs. 

8 

Yrs. 

9 
Yrs. 

10 

Yrs. 

11 

Yrs. 

12 

Yrs. 

13 

Yrs. 

14 

Yrs. 

15 

Yrs. 

1G 
Yrs. 

17 

Yrs. 

18 

Yrs. 

Sf 
40 
11 
42 
43 
44 
A5 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
'5S 
67 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
6S 
6« 
70 

34 

36 
38 
40 
42 
4i 
46 
-^8 

35 
37 
39 
41 
42 
45 
47 
48 

19 

3<5 
38 
40 
42 
43 
45 
47 
49 
50 
52 
51 
-56 
-59 

43 
44 
46 
48 
50 
61 
53 
55 
57 
60 
63 

49 
51 
52 
54 
56 
58 
61 
64 
67 
69 
-72 

53 
55 
67 
59 
63 
65 
68 
70 
73 
77 
"81, 
■-85 

56 
58 
60 
63 
66 
68 
71 
74 
78 
82 
86 
90 

61 
64 
67 
69 
72 
75 
79 
83 
87 
91 
95 
101 
106 
111 
.lis 

m 

70 
73 
76 
80 
84 
88 
93 
97 
102 
107 
112 
117 
119 
121 

121 

M 

77 
81 
85 
89 
94 
99 
104 
109 
113 
118 
120 
122 
126 
128 
131 

JU 

91 
96 
102 
108 
113 
117 
120 
123 
126 
VuS 
132 
135 
138 
142 
147 

98 
104 
109 
114 
118 
121 
124 
127 
129 
133 
136 
139 
143 
148 

106 
111 
115 
119 
122 
125 
128 
130 
134 
137 
140 

ii 

86 
90 
95 
100 
106 
111 
115 
119 
122 
124 
127 
130 
133 
136 
140 

Bl 

53 



-68 

!;'."."."""".'.'."izi 



"' 

(Ml 

I(M 

.117 

-.119 



12fi 

—129 

iti 

,  ..   138 



145 

Height 
Feet.     In. 


11 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
0 
1 
2 


19 
111 
113 

115 
118 
121 
124 
128 
132 
136 
140 
144 
148 
153 
158 
163 
168 
173 


About  what  a 
girl  should  gain 
each  month 


Age  Ounces 

5  to     8  6 

8  to  11  8 

11  to  14  12 

Table  C 


Age       Ounces 
14  to  16  8 

16  to  18  4 


Men 
20-24 
117 
119 
121 
124 
127 
131 
135 
139 
142 
146 
150 
154 
158 
163 
168 
173 
178 


Weights  According  to  Age  Periods 


25-29 
122 
124 
126 
128 
131 
134 
138 
142 
146 
150 
154 
158 
163 
169 
175 
181 
187 


30-34 
125 
127 
129 
131 
134 
137 
141 
145 
149 
154 
158 
163 
168 
174 
180 
186 
192 


35-30 
127 
129 
131 
133 
136 
140 
144 
148 
152 
157 
162 
167 
172 
178 
184 
191 
197 


40-44 
130 
132 
134 
136 
139 
142 
146 
150 
154 
159 
164 
169 
175 
181 
187 
194 
201 


19 
110 
112 
114 
117 
120 
123 
126 
130 
134 
138 
141 
145 
150 
155 


20-24 
113 
115 
117 
120 
123 
126 
129 
133 
137 
141 
145 
149 
153 
157 


25-29 
116 
118 
120 
122 
125 
129 
132 
136 
140 
144 
148 
152 
155 
159 


Women 
30-34 
119 
121 
123 
125 
128 
132 
136 
140 
144 
148 
152 
155 
158 
163 


35-39 

122 
124 
126 
129 
132 
136 
140 
144 
148 
152 
lo6 
159 
162 
165 


40-44 

126 
125 
130 
133 
136 
139 
143 
147 
151 
155 
159 
162 
166 
169 


Table  D 


AMOUNT   BELOW  STANDARD  WEIGHT 
Class.  Points 

A    Less  than  10% 25 

B     10%  but  less  than  15% 15 

C     15%  but  less  than  20% 5 

D    20%  or  more 0 


AMOUNT  ABOVE  STANDARD  WEIGHT 
Class.  Points. 

E     Less  than  20% 25 

F     20%  but  less  than  25% 15 

G     25%  or  more 0 

Children  who  weigh  15%  or  more  below  standard  weight  and  bring  their  weight  up 
thereafter  during  the  same  school  or  calendar  year  to  less  than  10%  below  standard 
may  be  credited  with  30  points. 

The  best  weight  (i.  e.,  nearest  to  standard)  shown  at  any  weighing  during  the 
school  year  through  which  the  Crusader  is  enrolled,  except  during  the  first  two  months, 
may  be  considered  for  the  Round  Table.  The  practice  of  weighing  should  begin  the 
first  of  the  school  year  so  that  the  child  and  his  parents,  informed  of  a  wide  departure 
from  standard  weight,  may  have  as  much  time  as  possible  during  the  period  for  which 
the  child  is  enrolled  as  a  Crusader  to  acquire  proper  weight  through  correction  of 
physical  defects,  proper  diet  and  fidelity  to  the  health  chores.     It  is  recommended  that 

33 


school  children  be  weighed  monthly,  on  the  same  day  of  each  month.  The  national 
slogan,  "A  scale  in  every  school,"  should  be  made  effective.  Where  weighing  must  be 
done  out  of  school  the  teacher  may  secure  the  assistance  of  the  most  responsible  pupils 
in  weighing  the  others  on  a  merchant's  scales. 

Inasmuch  as  some  underweight  children  are  so  circumstanced  or  constituted  that 
they  cannot  reach  standard  weight  v/ithin  a  school  year,  the  following  supplementary 
method  of  earning  credits  for  the  Order  of  the  Round  Table  has  been  adopted.  The 
underweight  boy  or  girl  who  makes  an  average  monthly  gain  equal  to  the  amount 
shown  for  his  age  in  Table  E  below  for  a  period  of  six  consecutive  months,  in  each  of 
which  he  is  weighed,  may  be  credited  with  25  points,  although  his  best  weight  may  give 
him  many  less  points  under  Table  D.  The  pupil  may  be  given  credits  under  either  of 
the  two  methods,  according  to  Table  D  or  Table  E,  but  not  under  both  methods. 

Table  E— Prepared  by  Dr.  L.  Emmett  Holt 

Approximate  Monthly  Gain  in  Weight. 
BOYS 
Age.  Gain. 

5  to     8  years 6  ounces 

8  to  12  years 8  ounces 

13  to  16  years 16  ounces 

16  to  18  years 8  ounces 


Age. 
S  to     8 


GIRLS 

Gain. 

years 6  ounces 

8  to  11  years 8  ounces 

11  to  14  years 12  ounces 

14  to  16  years 8  ounces 

16  to  18  years 4  ounces 

The  monthly  weights  of  the  pupils  may  be  conveniently  recorded  on  the  Roll  of 
Health  Knighthood  and  the  report  form  for  the  Round  Table. 

The  child's  weight  as  an  index  of  his  health  should  be  reported  to  his  parents  peri- 
odically. The  blanks  on  each  Crusade  chore  record  serve  the  teacher  for  making  such 
reports. 

A  series  of  publications  on  health,  with  emphasis  on  nutrition  work  in  schools, 
may  be  secured  from  the  Child  Health  Organization,  370  Seventh  Ave.,  New  York, 
as  follows: 

"Cho-Cho  and  the  Health  Fairy,"  15c.  each.  "Rhymes  of  Cho-Cho's  Grandma,"  20c.  each. 

"Child  Health  Alphabet,"  10c.  each.  "Standards  of  Nutrition  and  Growth   (Holt),  $11.00 
"Rosy   Cheeks   and   Strong   Heart"    (Andress),  20c.  per  100. 

each.  "The  Nutrition  Class,"  15c.  each. 


Incorrect 
Posture 


Correct 
Posture 


Exaggerated 
Posture 


The  seriously  malnourished  child  should  not  take  as  much  exercise  as  the  normal. 
Athletics  should  not  be  attempted  until  weight  is  built  up.  Lunches  of  milk  or  other 
plain  nourishing  food  should  be  given,  both  mid-morning  and  mid-afternoon.  They 
should  be  followed  by  rest  for  more  than  20  minutes  in  the  morning  and  in  the  after- 
noon.    See  §  10  and  the  circular  "Instruction  to  Teachers  and  Nutrition  Workers." 

Instructions  will  be  furnished  to  teachers  applying  to  the  Elizabeth  McCormick 
Memorial  Fund,  848  N.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago, 

44.  Correct  Posture 

The  tests  required  for  the  fourth  qualification  are  those  standardized  by  the  Amer- 
ican Posture  League  and  required  for  the  award  of  its  badges.  Posture  is  judged  ac- 
cording to  a  vertical  line  test,  as  illustrated  on  the  League's  wall  charts,  which  posture 
is  to  be  held  during  the  triple  test  for  endurance  in  posture. 

The  triple  test  consists  of  judging  the  posture  in  (1)  standing,  (2)  marching  for  at 
least  three  minutes,  (3)  corrective  exercises,  including  stretching  the  arms  forward  and 
upward.  A  candidate  must  hold  good  posture  throughout  all  three  parts  of  this  test 
taken  in  rapid  succession,  to  be  considered  as  passing  the  triple  test. 

A  candidate  who  passes  the  triple  test  once  a  month  for  three  consecutive  months 
earns  20  points  for  admission  to  the  Round  Table  and  is  eligible  for  the  gilt  pin  of  the 
American  Posture  League.  A  candidate  who  (1)  passes  the  triple  test  once  a  month 
for  five  consecutive  months  and  has  a  rating  of  "A"  or  "Excellent"  for  habitual  good 
posture,  or  (2)  having  previously  earned  the  20  points,  passes  the  triple  test  for  four 
additional  consecutive  months  and  has  a  rating  of  "A"  for  habitual  good  posture  earns 
30  points  and  is  eligible  for  the  silver  pin. 

The  A.  P.  L.  pins  make  badges  for  the  holder  to  be  proud  of.  To  secure  the  pins 
a  list  of  the  candidates  who  have  passed  the  test  must  be  sent  to  the  American  Posture 
League,  1  Madison  Ave.,  New  York,  with  the  following  certification,  accompanied  by 
remittance.     Gilt  pins  are  20  cents  and  silver  pins  25  cents  each. 

"The  above-named  candidates  have  successfully  passed  the  test  pre- 
scribed for  the  gilt/silver  Good  Posture  Pin  of  the  American  Posture 
League.  I  hereby  apply  for  pins  for  them  and  will  be  responsible  for  these 
pins  being  given  only  to  the  individuals  named  herein." 

(Signed) Instructor 

Principal 

Date 

The  wall  charts  of  the  American  Posture  League  are  desirable  for  every  school- 
room. They  are  published  with  pictures  either  of  a  boy,  like  the  illustration  given 
here,  or  of  a  girl.  They  may  be  purchased  of  the  American  Posture  League.  Apply 
to  the  League  for  particulars  on  their  sitting  posture  charts  and  other  publications. 

45.  Physical  Examination 

Points  are  credited  to  the  candidate  for  traits  of  physical  fitness,  disclosed  by  ex- 
amination, as  enumerated  below.  Regardless  of  the  Round  Table,  every  pupil  should  be 
thoroughly  examined  by  a  school  physician  once  and  preferably  twice  during  the 
school  year.  A  dentist  also  should  examine  him  once  a  year  and  preferably  every  six 
months.  If  a  school  does  not  have  the  services  of  a  physician,  a  schooj  nurse  or  any 
trained  nurse  can,  for  the  purpose  of  the  Round  Table,  give  the  pupil  the  examination 
specified  below,  except  as  to  his  heart,  lungs  and  teeth.  Following  the  instructions  in 
some  textbooks  on  hygiene  and  physiology  and  by  the  use  of  the  Snellen  test  card 
and  directions  for  testing  eyesight,  the  teacher,  unassisted,  can  test  the  pupil's  hearing, 
sight  and  shoeing.  Unless  the  candidate  fully  earns  the  number  of  points  specified  for 
one  of  the  following  tests,  in  compliance  with  all  conditions,  he  is  credited  with  no 
points  on  that  test. 

Teeth,  10  points.  If  the  candidate's  teeth  are  sound,  not  requiring  a  dentist's  ser- 
vices, he  is  credited  10  points.  He  must  present  a  written  statement  from  a  dentist,  or 
the  dentist  must  report  directly  to  the  teacher,  that  his  teeth  have  been  examined  dur- 
ing the  current  calendar  or  school  year,  and  either  that  they  did  not  need  filling,  ex- 
traction or  operation,  or  that  such  treatment  has  been  completely  administered  and 
that  the  gums  are  healthy. 

Nose  and  throat,  10  points.  If  the  candidate  habitually  breathes  through  his  nose 
with  his  mouth  shut  and  his  nose  and  throat  do  not  need  a  physician's  services,  he  is 

35 


credited  10  points.  The  teacher  must  receive  a  written  or  oral  report  from  a  licensed 
physician  or  registered  nurse,  stating  that  he  has  examined  the  pupil's  throat  within 
the  current  year  and  either  that  there  is  no  condition  of  adenoids  or  tonsils  or  obstruc- 
tion making  operation  or  treatment  by  physician  or  surgeon  advisable,  or  that  such 
condition  has  been  corrected.  If  a  physician  is  not  available,  the  opinion  of  a  registered 
nurse  who  has  made  an  examination  may  be  accepted. 

Eyes,  5  points.  Every  school  child's  eyes  should  be  tested  for  nearsightedness,  far- 
sightedness and  astigmatism,  and  examined  for  infectious  diseases.  When  examination 
shows  that  a  candidate's  eyes  are  free  from  disease  and  chronic  inflammation,  and 
from  defects  making  the  wearing  of  glasses  advisable,  or  that  the  faults  in  vision  are 
corrected  by  glasses  or  other  remedy  prescribed  by  an  oculist,  he  may  be  credited  5 
points.  If  the  teacher  gives  examination  she  must  comply  with  full  instructions  fur- 
nished by  her  state  board  of  education  or  health  or  by  the  National  Committee  on  the 
Prevention  of  Blindness,  130  East  22nd  St.,  New  York.  The  latter  organization  will 
send  instructions  free  to  any  teacher  applying. 

Ears,  5  points.  When  a  competent  examiner  finds  that  a  pupil's  hearing  in  each 
ear  is  normal  or  within  10%  of  normal  and  there  is  no  evidence  of  disease  or  inflam- 
mation, the  candidate  may  be  credited  5  points.  The  examination  must  be  conducted 
by  a  physician  or  in  compliance  with  full  instructions  issued  by  a  state  board  of  health 
or  education.  Such  instructions  are  contained  in  Health  Bulletin  No.  2,  "The  Eyes  and 
Ears  of  School  Children,"  published  by  the  New  York  State  Department  of  Education, 
Albany. 

Heart,  5  points.  When  a  physician  reports  after  a  stethoscopic  examination  that  a 
candidate's  heart  is  in  sound  condition  and  that  the  candidate  need  exercise  no  more 
care  in  participating  in  athletics  than  the  average  pupil  of  his  age,  he  is  credited  5 
points. 

Lungs,  5  points.  When  a  physician  reports  after  a  stethoscopic  examination  on  the 
bare  chest  that  a  candidate's  lungs  are  in  perfectly  sound  condition,  and  he  has  a  chest 
expansion  of  at  least  2  inches,  he  is  credited  5  points. 

Skin,  5  points.  When  competent  examination  shows  that  the  skin  is  healthy,  with- 
out eruption,  and  that  the  scalp  is  free  from  scales  and  pediculosis,  the  candidate  is 
credited  5  points. 

Feet,  5  points.  If  a  candidate  wears  shoes  fully 
permitting  correct  position  and  shape  for  his  feet,  he 
may  be  credited  5  points.  Shoes  which  bend  the  big 
toe  toward  the  others  or  the  others  toward  the  big 
toe  force  incorrect  shape.  The  shoe,  like  the  foot, 
should  have  a  "straight  inner  edge"  (except  for  the 
instep  curve).  Only  shoes  with  low  heels  permit 
correct  position,  and  no  shoes  with  heels  more  than 
one  and  one-half  inches  high  can  be  passed  in  exam- 
ination for  the  Round  Table.  The  teacher  should 
urge  the  use  of  much  lower  heels.  Children  candi- 
dates that  come  to  school  barefoot  part  of  the  time 
must  wear  their  shoes  for  this  examination.  If  the 
teacher  observes  that  a  pupil  who  passes  this  test 
subsequently  purchases  shoes  that  are  incorrect  in 
the  respects  indicated  in  this  paragraph,  during  the 
period  of  his  candidacy  for  the  Round  Table,  his 
credit  should  not  be  allowed. 

46.    Knowledge  of  First  Aid 

The  candidate  for  the  Round  Table  who  presents  this  qualification  must  have  pur- 
sued a  course  of  study  in  first  aid  under  a  teacher  and  have  passed  the  examination 
entitling  the  pupil  to  the  Certificate  of  First  Aid  issued  for  schools  by  the  American  Red 
Cross.  When  he  has  passed  the  examination  he  is  credited  30  points.  The  course  on 
which  the  examination  is  based  is  especially  suited  to  high  schools.  The  plan  of  the 
course,  in  entire  harmony  with  the  Modern  Health  Crusade,  is  to  teach  the  pupil  to  do 
by  doing.  Schools  which  are  not  conducting  such  a  course  may  readily  secure  the 
Red  Cross  circular,  "First  Aid  Instruction  in  Schools,"  and  the  textbook  for  the 
teacher.  Application  should  be  made  to  the  local  Red  Cross  Chapter,  or  directly  to 
the  American  Red  Cross,  First  Aid  Division,  Washington,  D.  C. 


47.    Swimming  and  Life-Saving  Skill 

The  points  enumerated  below  are  allowed  to  Round  Table  candidates  meeting  the 
following  tests,  set  by  the  American  Red  Cross  for  Junior  Life  Saving  Crews. 
The  tests  apply  to  both  boys  and  girls. 

^6 


1.  For  Beginners.    Ability  to  swim  50  feet,  using  any  stroke  they  know.     10  points. 

2.  For  Swimmers.  Ability  to  swim  100  yards,  using  two  or  more  strokes;  to  dive 
properly  from  a  take-off;  to  swim  on  back  50  feet;  and  to  retrieve  objects  at 
reasonable  depth  from  the  surface.     15  points. 

3.  For  Life-Savers,  Ability  to  tow  persons  of  one's  own  \veight  for  10  yards  by 
the  following  methods: 

(a)  Head  carry. 

(b)  Cross  chest  carry. 

(c)  Two  point  carry. 

(d)  Tired  swimmer's  carry. 

Life-savers  must  be  able  to  illustrate  in  the  water  the  methods  of  releasing  them- 
selves from  people  in  peril  of  drowning,  if  grasped  by — 
Wrist-hold, 
Front  neck-hold, 
Back  neck-hold. 

They  must  be  able  to  make  the  surface  dive  and  recovery,  and  are  required  to  dem- 
onstrate both  the  Schaefer  and  Sylvester  methods  of  performing  artificial  respiration, 
although  the  Schaefer  method  is  the  one  preferred.     30  points. 

Explanations  of  unknown  terms  and  methods  are  given  in  the  Red  Cross  Textbook 
on  First  Aid  published  by  P.  Blakeston's  Son  &  Company,  Philadelphia. 

Round  Table  candidates  must  meet  these  tests  to  the  satisfaction  of  at  least  one 
adult  known  by  the  teacher  tO'  be  competent  to  judge. 

The  Red  Cross  provides  badges  of  three  grades — for  "beginners,"  "swimmers"  and 
"life-savers."  Information  regarding  the  required  board  of  examiners,  emblems,  prizes 
and  national  trophy  is  given  in  pamphlet  1004,  free  on  application  to  the  American 
Red  Cross,  Washington,  D.  C. 

48.  Scout  and  Camp  Fire  Activities 

The  training  given  by  the  Scout  and  Camp  Fire  organizations  is  included  among 
the  qualifications  for  Knights  of  the  Round  Table  as  a  valuable  aid  to  physical  fitness. 
For  becoming  a  Boy  Scout  or  Girl  Scout  Tenderfoot,  10  points;  Second-Class  Scout, 
20  points;  First-Class  Scout,  30  points.  For  becoming  a  Camp  Fire  Wood  Gatherer, 
15  points;  Fire  Maker,  30  points.  In  communities  where  local  groups  are  lacking,  ap- 
plication for  information  should  be  addressed  to  Boy  Scouts  of  America,  200  Fifth 
Ave.,  New  York;  Girl  Scouts,  189  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York;  Camp  Fire  Girls,  31  E. 
17th  St.,  New  York. 

49.  Community  Sanitation  Work 

In  some  states  sanitation  has  been  given  a  large  place  in  Modern  Health  Crusade 
work.  Sanitation  work  furnishes  demonstrations  especially  valuable  to  high  schools 
and  junior  high  schools  in  connection  with  civics  and  courses  bearing  directly  or  in- 
directly on  health.  This  branch  of  Crusade  work  brings  the  street  cleaning  depart- 
ment, health  officer  and  other  municipal  authorities  into  touch  with  the  school,  brings 
to  light  ordinances  that  are  inadequate  or  unenforced,  and  benefits  the  whole  com- 
munity. 

As  various  methods  may  be  followed  in  sanitation  work,  and  as  local  conditions 
determine  the  best,  the  form  of  work  is  not  described  in  this  manual.  The  experience 
of  Crusaders  in  one  county  is  recited  to  suggest  a  plan  of  campaign  for  other  com- 
munities. The  high  schools  of  the  county,  one  representing  a  city  and  the  others  rural 
districts,  divided  the  territory  into  sanitary  districts,  the  whole  county  being  covered. 
The  high  school  or  schools  located  in  each  district  elected  a  sanitary  officer  for  the 
district,  choosing  a  pupil  qualified  as  worker  and  leader.  Under  this  captain  a  lieu- 
tenant was  elected  by  his  fellow  pupils  for  each  subdistrict,  and  a  corporal  for  each 
city  block,  while  each  pupil  was  drafted  as  a  private. 

Five  objectives  were  set:  that  each  house  be  screened  against  flies;  that  a  covered 
garbage  can  be  used;  that  all  outdoor  vaults  be  darkened  so  that  flies  would  not  enter; 
that  manure  or  other  fly-breeding  matter  be  disinfected  once  a  week  and  removed;  and 
that  the  streets,  alleys  and  premises  be  made  clean  and  sightly. 

The  first  work  was  a  survey.  The  districts  were  marked  on  a  county  map  posted 
in  the  office  of  the  county  superintendent  of  schools.  Flat  maps  outlining  all  farm  or 
town  residences  were  made  for  each  district.  Under  proper  supervision  each  house- 
holder was  visited  and  apprised  of  the  community  plan.  Printed  slips  were  used  by 
the  visitors  for  checking  the  conditions  found,  and  the  findings  were  noted  by  pins  on 
the  district  maps. 

The  campaign  for  improving  conditions  was  announced  to  cover  two  weeks  after 
the  survey.  Changes  effected  were  recorded  on  the  second  visit  and  "spotted"  on  the 
district  map.  Corresponding  pin  markings  on  the  large  map  at  the  county  superinten- 
dent's office  recorded  the  progress  of  all  the  district?  and  stimulated  competition  be- 

Z1 


tween  districts.  So  effective  was  the  campaign  that  only  eight  householders  in  a  city 
of  35,000  failed  to  comply  with  requirements.  This  work  was  done  entirely  by  the 
high  school  and  seventh  and  eighth  grade  pupils,  who  conferred  as  need  arose  with 
the  local  Crusade  council  composed  of  five  adults. 

In  the  country  districts  tests  were  made  of  the  water  from  every  well,  the  work 
being  done  at  the  high  school  laboratories.  Much  infection  was  found;  and  when  the 
users  of  the  water  failed  to  be  affected  by  the  data  shown,  permission  was  secured  to 
put  a  quart  of  kerosene  in  the  nearby  outdoor  toilet.  When  the  strata  of  the  earth  ran 
toward  the  water  supply  from  the  vault  where  the  kerosene  was  placed,  the  kerosene 
was  detected  by  odor  and  taste,  and  the  people  who  boasted  of  their  well  water  were 
suddenly  forced  to  realize  its  true  condition.  The  result  was  that  63  new  wells  were 
dug  in  that  county,  and  a  material  decrease  in  the  recorded  number  of  typhoid  cases 
ensued. 

Campaigns  against  flies  and  mosquitoes  readily  enlist  school  children,  when  organ- 
ized at  all  systematically.  Competition  should  be  brought  into  play.  Prizes  not  only 
of  material  value,  but  also  newspaper  commendation,  are  effective.  A  first  step  is  to 
teach  the  children  practical  points  about  the  insects,  such  as  likely  breeding  places, 
disinfection  to  prevent  hatching,  and  the  making  and  placing  of  traps. 


Playlet  "King  Good  Health  Win 


Publications  giving  all  needed  information  can  readily  be  secured.  The  National 
Association  will  give  references  in  addition  to  those  cited  in  the  Bibliography,  §64,  and 
invites  correspondence  with  Crusade  leagues  and  other  groups  planning  sanitation 
work. 

Points  towards  admission  to  the  Round  Table  are  earned  by  community  sanitation 
work.  Two  and  one-half  points  are  allowed  for  each  hour  of  actual  work  up  to  16 
hours,  under  the  following  conditions. 

1.  The  work  must  be  in  an  organized  community  sanitation  campaign  under  a 
school  teacher  or  other  adult  posted  on  sanitation,  such  as  the  town  health  officer,  a 
physician  or  civil  engineer. 

2.  The  pupil  workers,  numbering  at  least  five,  must  work  as  a  committee  or  club 
under  a  common  plan  approved  in  detail  by  the  adult  leader. 

3.  Each  pupil  must  give  the  leader  a  report  on  his  findings  and  accomplishments, 
and  a  memorandum  giving  the  dates  on  which  he  worked  and  the  number  of  hours  or 
fractions  thereof  spent  in  actual  sanitation  work  on  each  date. 

4.  The  teacher  must  approve  the  report  and  results  of  each  pupil's  work  before 
points  are  allowed  him. 

5.  The  points  credited  shall  be  at  the  rate  of  2J/^  per  hour.  The  minimum  number 
of  points  allowed  is  5  and  the  maximum  number  of  points  allowed  is  40. 

38 


50.    Accolade  of  the  Round  Table 

It  is  recommended  that  pupils  qualifying  as  Knights  of  the  Round  Table  be  for- 
mally invested  with  title.     The  following  ceremony  is  suggested. 

(The  ceremony  is  conducted  by  the  principal  [Crusade  grand  master]  or  other 
school  authority,  who  addresses  first  the  audience  and  then  the  candidates,  who  are 
grouped  on  one  side  of  the  stage.) 

(To  audience.)  We  are  happily  met  together  to  witness  the  entrance  of  valiant 
Knights  to  the  Order  of  the  Round  Table.  These  Modern  Health  Crusaders,  all 
Knights  Banneret,  have  each  been  proven  in  ordeals  set  to  test  their  fitness  for  this 
highest  order. 

When  King  Arthur  formed  his  Round  Table,  he  drew  to  it  the  flower  of  chivalry, 
"the  goodliest  company  of  famous  knights  whereof  the  world  holds  record."  Lancelot, 
Galahad,  Percival  and  many  other  peerless  warriors  were  of  this  chosen  band  whose 
victories  were  blazoned  on  twelve  great  windows  in  Arthur's  hall. 

Full  many  years  ago  departed  Arthur  and  his  company,  and  his  Round  Table  be- 
came a  memory,  celebrated  in  song  and  story.  Now  the  Round  Table  is  formed  again, 
of  knights  arrayed  not  in  heavy  coats  of  mail,  but  in  the  golden  armor  of  health. 

(To  candidates.)  For  the  National  Legion  of  Modern  Health  Crusaders  and  the 
(name  of  state)  Legion,  I  now  create  each  prowest  Knight  assembled  here  a  member 
of  the  Round  Table.  That  all  may  know  of  your  deeds,  I  present  each  one  of  you  with 
a  parchment  and  a  badge.  These  are  the  outward  tokens.  The  order  itself  lives  in  the 
spirit  and  intent  of  every  loyal  Knight. 

Now,  just  as  truly  as  in  the  days  of  Arthur,  you  will  find  that  every  morning  brings 
a  noble  chance  whereby  you  prove  yourself  a  noble  Knight.  Yours  is  the  glorious 
privilege  to  champion  the  cause  of  health,  and  thus  to  redress  human  wrongs.  So  live 
that  others,  seeing  your  good  deeds,  will  rally  to  the  standard. 

(Each  candidate  is  called  by  name  and  presented  with  the  certificate  and  badge  of  the 
Order.   Exeunt  to  martial  music.) 


#0^  ^  f% 


C^VJSADC^^ 


MmTSBaHHEfttl 


E 


J;,"tf. 


m: 


AIDS   TO   ALL   CRUSADE    COURSES 
5L    Entertainments 

A  Crusade  entertainment  is  a  profitable  means  of  promoting  health  education.  A 
series  of  subjects  recommended  for  an  entertainment  each  month  is  given  below. 

As  a  profitable  means  of  promoting  health,  a  Crusade  entertainment-meeting  should 
be  held  each  month.  It  may  be  given  by  a  single  class  or  club  or  single  school,  or  by 
several  jointly,  so  far  as  children  and  their  adult  supporters  can  be  gathered  into  one 
meeting.  The  entertainment  for  all  may  be  furnished  by  different  schools  in  turn.  The 
hour  may  be  in  or  after  school  or  in  an  evening  following  which  children  do  not  have 
to  rise  early  for  school. 

Crusade  entertainments  properly  conducted  are  not  "lectures."  but  meetings  made 
interesting  to  children  and  adults  by  presentation  of  facts  with  pleasing  association  or 
with  appeal  to  wonderment,  and  through  action,  display,  games,  playlets,  pageants, 
clownery,  music,  etc.  Crusaders  should  take  an  active  part  in  the  program  themselves, 
especially  as  actors  in  health  playlets.     Meetings   made   occasions  to  appeal  to   Cru- 

39 


saders'   pride   should  be  announced   in   newspapers.     For   means   of  making   meetings 
entertainments,  see  "Playlets,"  "Motion  Pictures,"  "Exhibits,"  and  "Songs"  below. 

Adult  speakers  should  be  given  ample  notice  to  prepare  talks  made  graphic  with 
models,  pictures  and  lantern  slides,  and  couched  in  simple  language.  Most  communi- 
ties have  a  doctor,  dentist,  nurse  or  physical  director  who  can  with  words  and  apparatus 
make  health  facts  interesting.  The  school  nurse  is  a  logical  leader  for  the  meeting. 
If  a  special  talk  has  not  been  prepared,  a  story  may  be  told.  For  books  of  stories,  see 
§64.  Skilled  women  story-tellers  are  frequently  available,  both  among  and  outside  the 
teachers.  Stories  of  crusaders  and  knights  and  of  Arthur's  Round  Table,  applied  to 
the  quest  of  health,  will  inspire  children.  Calisthenics,  exercise,  games  or  folk  dances 
may  be  conducted  at  every  meeting. 

52.  Schedule  of  Meetings* 

September — Stories  of  the  old  crusades  and  of  the  Modern  Health  Crusade.     First  aid 

to   the    injured.      Posture,      (The    monthly    weighing    of    Crusaders    with    entry    of 

weights   on   Roll   of   Health   Knighthood,   if   not   done   at   another   time    in    school, 

should  be  attended  to  at  the  meetings.) 
October — Care  of  teeth.    Toothbrush  drill.     Care  of  nose  and  throat.     Organization  of 

club. 
November — Care  of  eyes,  skin  and  scalp.     Baths. 
December — Tuberculosis  and  respiratory  diseases.     How  to  prevent  colds.     Christmas 

health  seals. 
January — Home  and  school  gymnastics.     Folk  dances.     Organized  play  in  winter. 
February — Fake  cures  and  real  medicine.     Fresh  air,  wholesome  food,  exercise,  rest. 

Methods  of  outdoor  sleeping. 
March — Fly,  mosquito — and  vermin  campaigns.     Clean-up  work. 
April — Nervous  system.     Influence  of  mind  on  health.     Cheerfulness,  anger,   courage, 

purity. 
May — What  and  how  to  eat  and  drink.     Regularity.    Weight.     Food  protection.     Clean 

hands.     Typhoid  fever. 
June — Temperature.    Alcohol,  tobacco,  injurious  soft  drinks. 
July — Patriotism  of  health.     Marching  or  military  drills.     Care  of  feet. 
August — Outing  or  picnic.     Field  athletics  and  organized  play, 

•Presentation  of  squires'  certificates  and  badges  for  Knights  and  Knights  Banneret  can  be  included  in 
the  program  for  the  month  in  which  these  titles  are  attained. 

53.  Playlets  and  Pageants 

Many  interesting  health  playlets  and  pageants  suitable  for  children  are  available. 
The  National  Tuberculosis  Association  publishes  thirteen.  These  and  twelve  published 
by  other  organizations  are  listed  in  a  descriptive  circular,  "Plays  and  Pageantry,"  sent 
on  application. 

"King  Good  Health  Wins"  may  be  presented  both  as  a  play  and  a  pageant.  "A 
Pageant  in  the  Interest  of  Good  Health,"  "The  Health  Champions,"  "Mr,  I.  N. 
Different  Is  Double  Crossed"  and  other  playlets  provide  entertainment  of  intense  in- 
terest to  parents  and  friends  of  children.  A  performance  combined  with  the  accolade 
is  especially  effective  and  justifies  atimission  charges. 

54.  Miniature  Theatre 

"Tiny  Tim's  House,"  a  theatre  of  cardboard,  decorated  in  brilliant  colors  and  easily 
shipped  by  parcel  post,  can  be  purchased  from  the  National  Association  for  only  $2,00, 
delivered.  Tiny  Tim's  House  is  made  in  two  parts,  proscenium  and  backdrop.  The 
complete  outfit  consists  of  directions  for  costuming  the  actors  and  setting  up  the 
theatre,  and  two  copies  of  the  food  playlet,  "The  Champions."  Additional  drops  may 
be  purchased  for  75c.  extra.  The  actors  for  this  theatre  are  potatoes  and  other  vege- 
tables, whose  odd  shapes  have  unusual  possibilities  for  character  expression  and  whose 
presence  conveys  lessons  in  nutrition.  Ready-made  costumes  for  the  four  characters 
of  "The  Champions"  may  be  purchased  for  $3.00,  postpaid. 

55.  Motion  Picture  Films 

When  a  motion-picture  machine  can  be  procured,  the  display  of  one  of  the  health 
films  will  contribute  greatly  to  the  success  of  a  meeting.  The  National  Associaton  will 
give  inquirers  information  about  films.  Several  films  may  be  rented  at  75c.  per  day 
each  or  purchased  for  $75  and  $100.  Among  them  are  "The  Modern  Health  Crusade,^^ 
"The  Tournament  of  Youth,"  "The  Kid  Comes  Through,"  "Jinks."  "Out  of  the  Shadow 
and  "The  Public  Health  Twins  at  Work."  "Good  Teeth  Good  Health"  is  loaned  free 
of  any  charge  except  transportation. 

40 


56.  Exhibits 

A  special  Modern  Health  Crusade  exhibit,  price  $9.50,  delivered,  may  be  purchased 
of  the  National  Child  Welfare  Association,  70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  It  consists  of 
twelve  panels,  about  17  by  28  inches,  for  wall  display,  lithographed  and  colored  by 
hand,  the  illustrations  and  text  being  original  and  effective.  This  exhibit  is  also  printed 
as  an  edition  for  negro  children  and  sold  for  $9.50.  Other  series  of  panels  bearing  on 
child  health  are  published  by  the  National  Child  Welfare  Association,  under  the  titles, 
"Aids  for  Nutrition  Clinics,"  "Health  Children"  (First  and  Second  Series),  "Hygiene  for 
School  Children,"  "The  A-1  American  Girl,"  "The  A-1  American  Boy"  and  "The  Amer- 
ican Citizen."  Teachers  will  find  it  helpful  to  secure  (free)  the  National  Welfare  Asso- 
ciation Bulletin  33,  "Teaching  Health  Through  the  Use  of  Graphic  Material."  The 
"Child  Welfare  Handbook."  a  beautiful  47-page  brochure,  giving  miniature  prints  of 
many  exhibits,  may  be  obtained  for  50c.  It  has  chapters  on  "What  Every  Community 
Should  Know  About  Its  Children"  and  "How  to  Arouse  Community  Interest  in  Child 
Welfare." 

A  comprehensive  series  of  posters  on  school  hygiene  is  furnished  by  the  Com- 
mittee on  Health  Problems  of  the  National  Council  of  Education,' 525  West  120th 
Street,  New  York.     Fifty-eight  charts  may  be  had  for  $7.00. 

57.  Songs 

A  number  of  songs  inspired  by  the  Modern  Health  Crusade  are  in  use.  A  collec- 
tion of  these  songs  is  offered  in  "The  Minstrel,"  5c.  per  copy  postpaid.  The  Crusaders' 
Song,  printed  herewith,  is  sung  to  music  composed  for  it  by  Claude  Warford  and  also 
to  Denza's  "Funiculi,  Funicula." 


CRUSADERS'   SONG 
By  Emily  Nichols  Hatch 
Hail!  all  ye  gentle  knights  and  squires  and 
pages! 
Crusaders'  band,  for  health  we  stand. 
While  all  around  life's  battle  fiercely  rages 
We'll    do    our    part — clean    hands    and 
heart. 
Our  soldiers  bravely  there  in  France  were 
fighting 
Like  knights  of  old,  chivalrous,  bold. 
Like  them  we  must  some  wrong  each  day 
be  righting 
With  smiles  of  cheer,  and  know  no  fear. 

Chorus 
We'll   battle,    we'll    conquer;    disease    and 

dirt  we'll  slay! 
We'll  scout  them  and  rout  them  and  drive 

them  off  each  day! 
With   hands  and  bodies   clean   and   hearts 

all  brave  and  bold. 
Prepared  our  country's  flag  and  honor  to 

uphold. 

With    souls    and    bodies    growing    strong 
and  stronger. 
Brave  knights  we'll  be,  our  land  to  free 
From  curse  of  dread  disease  which  shall 
no  longer 
O'er  it  prevail.     We  shall  not  fail. 
The    holy    war    which    we    must    still    be 
waging 
Is    for    good    health.      'Tis    more    than 
wealth. 
The  health  of  mind  and  body  is  engaging 
Our  efforts  true,  in  all  we  do. 

CHORE  SONG 

By  Esther  Watson 
(Tune:    "Yankee    Doodle") 
I  washed  my  hands  before  each  meal. 
To  have  them  clean  and  nice, 
(Wash  hands.) 


I  washed  my  face  and  neck  and  ears, 
(Scrub  face,  neck  and  ears.) 

My  finger-nails  cleaned  twice. 
(Clean  finger-nails.) 

Chorus 
So  I  am  a  Health  Crusader, 

(Salute.) 
I'm  going  fast  all  day  long,  sir — 

(Bend  both  arms  up,  expanding  chest.) 
For  I'm  going  to  help  my  Uncle  Sam 

(Point  to  flag.) 
To  make  my  country  strong,  sir. 

(Salute.) 

I  put  no  unclean  things  in  my  mouth. 
Pencils,  books  nor  fingers — 

(Lift    pencil    toward    mouth,    then    put 
down   quickly.) 
I  wash  my  teeth  at  early  morn 
And  while  the  evening  lingers. 

(Brush  teeth.) 

I  took  ten  slow,  deep  breaths  of  air 

(Expand  chest.) 
I  covered  any  sneezes — 

(Cover  mouth  with  handkerchief.) 
I  played  outdoors  a  whole  half  hour, 
Amid  the  pleasant  breezes, 

(Toss  imaginary  ball  into  the  air.) 

I  was  in  bed  ten  hours  last  night, 

(Close  eyes  with  head  on  left  arm.) 
With  windows  open  wide, 

(Open  imaginarj-^  window.) 
Drank  four  glasses  of  water  today, 

(Drink  from  imaginary  tumbler.) 
No  tea  nor  coffee  beside. 

(Put  out  right  hand  in  refusal.) 

I  ate  fruits,  cereals — not  much  meat — 
I  chewed  them  slowly  and  long, 

(Slow  chewing  motion.) 
Had  milk  and  eggs  and  such  good  things. 
As  make  all  children  strong. 

(Show  biceps  of  right  arm".)' 


41 


I  try  to  sit  and  stand  up  straight, 

(Stand  very  straight.) 
Be  helpful,  neat  and  kind, 
I  take  a  full  bath  twice  a  week, 

(Splash   with   imaginary   water  and  rub 
down  with  imaginary  towel.) 
And  keep  a  cheerful  mind. 

(Smile.) 

DRILL   SONG   FOR   YOUNGER 
GRADES 
(Tune:  "Round  and  Round  the  Mulberry 
Bush.") 
This  is  the  way  we  clean  our  teeth, 
Clean  our  teeth,  clean  our  teeth. 
This  is  the  way  we  clean  our  teeth, 
Every  night  and  morning. 

Take  your  brush,  go  up  and  down, 
Up  and  down,  up  and  down, 

58.   Poster  Contests 

Poster  contests  are  adapted  to  classes  of  all  grades  and  have  great  educational 
value.  The  younger  groups  can  make  picture  posters  by  cutting  out  pictures  illustrat- 
ing the  different  health  principles  enumerated  in  the  Crusaders'  Code,  and  mounting 
them  on  colored  cardboard.  Advertisements  of  soaps,  toothbrushes,  equipment  for  out- 
door sports,  etc.,  can  readily  be  adapted  for  health-poster  use. 

For  the  more  advanced  pupils  who  are  having  instruction  in  drawing,  original 
posters  can  be  made  under  the  supervision  of  the  drawing  instructor.  So  far  as  possible 
it  is  wise  to  allow  each  child  to  choose  his  own  subject.  The  Crusaders'  Code  offers 
many  suggestions  for  the  posters. 


Take  your  brush,  go  up  and  down, 
Every  night  and  morning. 

Don't  forget  both  back  and  front. 
Back  and  front,  back  and  front, 
Don't  forget  both  back  and  front, 
Every  night  and  morning. 

If  you  brush  them  faithfully. 
Faithfully,  faithfully, 
You  a  knight  will  surely  be. 
Every  night  and  morning. 

This  is  the  way  we  catch  our  cough 

(sneeze), 
Catch  our  cough,  catch  our  cough 

(sneeze), 
This  is  the  way  we  catch  our  cough 

(sneeze). 
So  early  in  the  morning. 


Diagram  for  drawing 
Crusaders'  cross 

In  a  county  poster  contest,  prizes  may  be  awarded  for  the  best  poster  in  each  town- 
ship or  district,  and  a  grand  prize  for  the  best  poster  in  the  entire  county.  An  ex- 
hibition of  the  best  posters  submitted  in  the  contest  at  the  county  fair  is  an  incentive  to 
all  contestants  and  stimulates  interest  in  the  health  work  being  done  in  the  schools. 


HEALTH   CLUBS 
59.   Health  Crusade  Clubs 

Children  like  to  belong.  Beside  general  membership  in  the  Modern  Health  Crusade 
definite  membership  in  a  health  club  gives  boys  and  girls  increased  zeal  and  steadfast- 
ness in  health  work.  The  formation  of  a  club  does  not  come  under  the  necessary  part 
of  the  Crusade  program,  but  is  recommended  to  the  school 

The  teacher  or  principal  explains  to  all  the  pupils  that  all  who  do  the  Crusade 

chores  for  a  probationary  period  of  five  or  more  weeks  will  be  members  of  the 

Grade  Health  Crusade  Club  or School  Health  Crusade  Club.  The  plan  of  or- 
ganization is  distinctly  democratic,  only  those  pupils  who  fail  to  do  the  health  chores 
being  excluded  from  the  club.  Beside  the  qualifying  pupils  and  the  teacher,  the  club 
may  include  "honorary  members"  elected  for"  service  or  for  contributions  to  the  trea- 


<2 


sury.  A  fixed  minimum,  e.  g.,  $5,  should  be  set  for  contributions  or  dues  from  honorary 
members.    They  may  be  entitled  Honorary  Crusaders. 

At  a  meeting  set  at  the  end  of  the  probationary  weeks,  coming  preferably  at  the 
class  session  in  hygiene  or  prompting  and  inspection,  the  pupils  who  qualify  adopt  the 
constitution  and  elect  officers.  The  chief  officers^  are  captain  (president,  mayor,  or 
health  officer),  one  or  two  lieutenants  (vice-president),  herald  (secretary),  Crusade 
master  (the  teacher)  and  grand  master  (the  principal).  Inspectors — health,  window 
and  thermometer — are  also  officers,  but  usually  serve  for  short  terms  (see  §  25).  A  consti^ 
tution  and  by-laws,  standard  for  a  Health  Club,  are  given  on  page  47. 

The  Crusade  master,  who  may  be  another  adult  if  the  teacher  cannot  serve,  con- 
ducts the  organizing  meeting  and  selects  nominees  for  officers  and  provides  a  copy  of 
the  constitution  beforehand. 

Each  club  should  proclaim  a  slogan,  like  "War  Against  Disease,"  "Good  Health 
for  You  and  Me,"  "Strong  and  Clean,  Body  and  Mind,"  "Every  Health  Chore  a  Good 
Health  Habit,"  "Keep  Vigorous  to  Withstand  the  Rigorous." 

60.  Club  Activities 

The  first  activity  of  a  club  is  to  seek  the  membership  of  100  per  cent,  of  the  pupils 
and  to  promote  the  members'  progress  in  earning  chivalric  titles.  Group  competition 
is  an  effective  principle  to  follow.  The  club  members  should  be  divided  into  two 
numerically  equal  teams.  They  are  determined  preferably  by  classroom  rows  (entire 
or  divided).  Another  method  is  for  two  leaders  to  choose  the  teams,  making  alternate 
choices  of  members,  as  is  done  for  impromptu  baseball  teams.  The  leaders  of  the  two 
teams  should  be  the  lieutenant  and  herald  of  the  club.  The  class  may,  however,  be 
divided  into  teams  on  beginning  to  do  health  chores,  before  officers  have  been  elected 
or  the  club  organized.  Health  inspectors  appointed  by  the  teacher  serve  then  as  leaders 
until  the  club  is  organized. 

The  teams  compete  to  earn  the  most  Crusade  credits  in  a  given  period  of  time 
(see  explanation  of  credits  under  "Tournaments,"  §  29).  Simultaneously,  a  competition 
may  be  carried  on  between  two  or  more  clubs,  representing  as  many  classes  or  schools. 
For  an  idea  of  the  interest  to  be  aroused,  read  Ellis  Parker  Butler's  story,  "A  Knight 
Without  Reproach."  (Mailed  by  the  National  Association  on  receipt  of  3c.  postage.) 

The  best  procedure  is  to  conduct  daily  prompting  and  hygienic  inspection,  as  de- 
scribed above,  with  officers  or  team  leaders  assisting  the  teacher.  When  summoned 
by  the  teacher  the  captain  comes  forward  and  asks  the  twelve  questions.  The  herald 
and  lieutenant  have  prompter  and  inspection  blanks  on  which  the  names  of  the  pupils 
of  their  respective  teams  are  written,  and  make  note  of  those  who  do  not  claim  by 
uplifted  hand  to  have  done  and  recorded  the  chores.  Inspection  is  then  made,  prefer- 
ably by  the  teacher.  It  may  be  made  by  the  herald  and  lieutenant.  To  avoid  risk  of 
partiality  toward  members  of  their  own  teams,  they  may  each  be  assigned  as  inspector 
of  the  other's  team,  while  the  teacher  is  arbiter.  An  informal  competition  from  week 
to  week  may  be  based  on  the  records  on  the  inspection  blanks.  On  Monday  of  each 
week  the  captain  should  announce  both  the  number  of  credits  earned  (one  for  each 
pupil  in  the  team  who  did  54  or  more  chores  for  the  preceding  week)  and  the  total 
number  of  chores  done. 

Other  activities  for  a  club  are  the  entertainments  and  dramatic  productions  (see 
§§  51-58),  and  participation  in  athletics  and  in  training  for  the  Round  Table  (see 
§§  37-50).  Clubs  may  challenge  others  to  qualify  the  most  members  for  seats  at  the 
Round  Table. 

61.  Community  Work 

A  club  may  make  itself  useful  to  the  town  in  many  ways.  It  may  work  for  a  sani- 
tary drinking  fountain  in  the  school,  a  playground,  fresh-air  schoolrooms,  ventilation 
for  every  room,  clean  streets,  clean  lavatories,  etc.  It  may  draw  up  a  petition  and 
agitate  for  physical  examinations  in  schools,  backed  with  nursing  service.  It  may  enter 
upon  anti-fly  and  vermin  campaigns,  and  aid  in  a  town  clean-up.  (See  "Community 
Sanitation  Work,"  §  49.)  It  may  appeal  for  the  enforcement  of  laws  against  spitting 
and  the  sale  of  tobacco  and  impure  candy  to  children.  Committees  may  be  appointed 
to  report  or  to  take  action  on  exposed  breeding  places  for  flies  and  mosquitoes,  on 
improvement  of  school  premises,  on  sick  children  or  on  any  of  the  various  lines  of 
work  suggested  in  this  manual. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

62.  Handbook  for  Teaching  Hygiene 

A  guide  for  teaching  hygiene  in  all  elementary  grades  is  now  being  prepared  by 
the  National  Tuberculosis  Association  with  the  assistance  of  educators,  school  admin- 
istrators and  hygienists.  It  is  a  comprehensive  and  graded  course  in  hygiene  based 
on  the  Crusade  system.    Its  keynote  is  the  practice  of  hygiene. 

43 


The  guide  presents  an  elastic  outline  for  lessons  from  month  to  month  during  the 
school  year.  The  lessons  are  planned  to  be  given  at  different  times  in  the  regular  sub- 
jects of  the  school  curriculum.  It  furnishes  suggestive  material,  carefully  selected,  on 
which  the  teacher  may  base  her  talks  to  pupils  and  v^ith  which  instruction  from  what- 
ever text-book  is  used  may  be  enriched.  It  gives,  in  complete  form  as  well  as  by  ref- 
erences, stories,  quotations,  games  and  projects.  Both  a  direct  and  a  cross  index  is 
provided.  The  guide  is  also  designed  to  serve  state  boards  of  education  and  may  be 
published  in  state  editions. 

63.    Moral  Effect  of  the  Crusade 

The  Crusade  system  was  devised  in  compliance  with  ethical,  mental  and  physical 
laws.  The  teacher  who  conducts  the  general  course  of  Crusade  chores,  with  the  re- 
quired recording,  will  find  that  the  pupils  receive  a  distinct  moral  benefit. 

The  chores  give  teachers  an  exceptionally  good  opportunity  to  inculcate  truthful- 
ness. The  daily  performance,  recording  and  certifying  of  chores  afford  the  needed 
drill.  The  rewards  of  the  Crusade  furnish  the  temptation  to  falsify  that  is  necessary 
to  cultivate  truthfulness.  Character  in  all  of  its  positive  virtues  is  acquired  by  facing 
temptation,  not  by  keeping  aloof  from  temptation.  The  character  of  the  always  shel- 
tered child  is  blank  and  he  is  prone  to  go  to  the  bad  rapidly  when  the  shelter  is 
removed. 

The  wise  teacher  or  parent  first  cultivates  the  child's  sense  of  honor;  second,  lets 
him  meet  temptation;  and,  third,  makes  a  follow-up.  The  Crusade  system  applies 
these  three  influences.  The  child  is  placed  on  his  honor — he  certifies  his  chore  record 
"on  his  honor."  He  has  a  systematic  drill  every  day  in  choosing  between  right  and 
wrong  statements.  Each  decision  for  right  builds  truthfulness;  each  decision  for 
wrong  builds  falsity.  The  follow-up  here  is  multiple.  The  parent  must  pass  on  the 
child's  truthfulness  and  sign  the  certification.  The  teacher  must  be  satisfied  that  the 
child's  cleanliness  and  deportment  correspond  with  his  statement  of  chores.  Finally, 
his  schoolmates  are  quick  to  point  out  false  claims. 

Additional  influences  for  deciding  for  truth  are  found  in  the  chores  themselves, 
their  admonitions  and  their  effect.  The  call  to  helpfulness  makes  for  social  responsi- 
bility and  against  lying.  Regularity  in  performance  of  duty  discourages  irregularity  in 
statement.     Improved   health   makes   for   straightforwardness.      Cleanliness    promotes 


Episode  in  Crusade  Pageant  by  Atlantic  City  School.  Children 


self-respect.  "Clean  thoughts  and  words  accompany  clean  habits."  In  the  words  of 
a  prominent  educator,  "There  has  developed  in  the  minds  of  a  number  of  active  health 
workers  a  conviction  that  health  education,  viewed  broadly,  is  not  only  an  essential 
part  of,  but  probably  the  most  valuable  vehicle  for  normal  training." 

While  the  wise  want  their  children  to  face  temptation,  they  are  careful  that  the 
temptation  be  not  too  strong.  The  Crusade  guards  against  this.  If  a  100  per  cent, 
chore  performance  were  required,  and  the  reward  a  $10  gold  piece  or  a  prize  for  only 
one  pupil  the  temptation  might  well  be  too  strong.  But  with  only  75  per  cent,  per- 
formance required,  rewards  very  inexpensive,  and  success  democratically  within  reach 


of  every  boy  and  girl,  the  temptation  for  the  majority  of  children  is  less  strong  thail 
the  influence  for  truthfulness. 

In  a  group  of  many  children  it  will,  however,  be  surprising  to  find  none  who  falsify 
their  chore  records.  For  those  who  do,  the  chores  are  an  occasion  for  lying.  This 
is  different  from  teaching  to  lie.  School  examinations  are  the  occasion  of  much  cheat- 
ing but  do  not  teach  dishonesty.  Lying  and  cheating  are  more  correctly  attributed  to 
lack  of  teaching  truthfulness  at  home  than  to  the  Crusade  and  to  school  examinations. 

A  famous  clergyman  recently  said  that  he  never  knew  a  boy  or  girl  who  would 
not  lie  at  some  age  in  childhood.  "The  child's  instinctive  brute  sense  of  self-preserva- 
tion manifests  itself  in  a  tendency  to  grab,  to  insist  on  the  biggest  piece,  to  steal  and 
to  lie.  The  fact  is  that  the  baby  starts  near  brutehood,  and  we  must  expect  him  to  go 
a  long  way  in  moral  growth,  as  well  as  in  physical  and  mental,  before  he  becomes  our 
A-1  citizen.  It  is  first  nature  for  the  child  to  lie.  Society  must  teach  him  to  be  truth- 
ful." 

For  the  younger  children  the  mixture  of  imagination  and  memory  seems  normal. 
Their  falsifying  should  usually  not  be  condemned  as  lying,  with  its  connotation  of 
intent  to  deceive.  In  recognition  of  their  unreliability  in  statement,  the  Crusade  course 
recommended  for  children  in  the  first  two  grades  does  not  hold  out  the  chivalric  re- 
wards. When  the  use  of  printed  chore  records  and  chivalric  titles  is  begun  parents  and 
teachers  will  find  the  Crusade  one  of  the  best  means  conceivable  for  imparting  honesty 
to  their  children. 


64.    Bibliography 

A — Stories  Recommended  for  Kindergarten  and  First  Two  Primary  Grades 


Book  Author 

All  through  the  day,  the  Mother  Goose 

Way  Broadhurst 

Child  Health  Alphabet 
Cho-Cho  and   the    Health   Fairy   (good 

for  nutrition  work) 
Every  Child's  Book 

Hiawatha  Primer  Holbrook 

Jack  O'Health  and  Peg  O'Joy  Herben 

Keep  Well  Stories  for  Little  Folk  Jones 

Metropolitan  Mother  Goose 

Pig  Brother  Richards 

Rhymes  of  Cho-Cho's  Grandma 
Story     of     Rosy     Cheeks     and     Strong 

Heart  (good  for  nutrition  work) 
The    Most    Wonderful    House    in    the 

World  Haviland 

The  Playhouse  Haviland 


Publisher 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
Child  Health  Organization 

Child  Health  Organization 
Child  Health  Organization 
Houghton,  Mifflin  Co. 
Chas.  Scribner's  Sons 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
Metropolitan  Life  Ins.   Co. 
Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
Child  Health  Organization 

Child  Health  Organization 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 


B— Stories  of  King  Arthur  and  His  Knights  Recommended  for  Third  Through 

Eighth  Grades 


Gentle,  Perfect  Knight 

King  Arthur  and  His  Knights 

Page,  Esquire  and  Knight 

Seven  Champions  of  Christendom 

Stories  from  the  Crusades 

Story  of  King  Arthur  and  His  Knights 

Storv  of  the  Champions  of  the  Round 

Table 
Stories  of  the  King 
Story  of  the  Middle  Ages 
When  Knights  Were  Bold 


Jenkins 

Warren 

Lansing 

Darton 

Kelman 

Howard 


Baldwin 
Harding 
Tappen 


World  Book  Co. 

Rand-McNally  Co. 

Ginn  &  Co. 

Wells  Gardner 

E.  P.  Button  &  Co. 

Chas.  Scribner's  Sons 

Chas.  Scribner's  Sons 
American  Book  Co. 
Scott  Foresman 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 


C — Plays  and  Songs 

For  list  of  25  plays  and  pageants,  apply  to  the  National  Tuberculosis  Association, 
370  Seventh  Avenue   New  York,  for  circular,  "Plays  and  Pageantry." 


The  Minstrel 
The  Song  Leaflet 
The  Songster 


Songs 

5c.  each 
55c.  per  100 
3c.  each 

45 


N.  J.  Tuberculosis  League 
Iowa  Tuberculosis  Association 
Ohio  Public  Health  Ass'n 


D — Physical  Exercises 

Games  for   Playground,  Home,  School 

and  Gymnasium  Bancroft 

Play    and     Recreation    for    the    Open 

Country  Curtis 

Rhythmic  Action,  Plays  and  Dances  Moses 

School  Room   Games  Boyd 

Social  Plays,  Games,  Marches,  Old 
Folk  Dances  and  Rhythmic  Move- 
ments 

E — Health  Primers 


MacMillan  Co. 

Amer.  Physical  Educa.  Ass'n 
Thos.  Charles  Company 
Chicago  School  of  Civics, 
Recreation  Dept. 

Government   Printing   Office, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


A  Child's  Book  of  the  Teeth 
Teeth,  Tonsils,  and  Adenoids 


Ferguson 
(See  also  books  listed  in  §  6) 


World  Book  Co. 
Metropolitan  Life  Ins.  Co. 


F — Books  and  Pamphlets  on  Nutrition 


Diet  for  the  School  Child 

Health    Education    and    the    Nutrition    Hunt,  Johnson  & 


Class 
Health  Index 

Instructions  to  Teachers  and  Nutrition 

Workers 
Lunch  Hour  at  School 

Methods  and  Standards  in  the  Weigh- 
ing and  Measuring  of  Children 

Nutrition  and  Growth  of  Children 
Nutrition  Clinics,  Classes,  Their  Organ- 
ization and  Conduct 
Nutrition  Clinics  for  Delicate  Children 
The  Nutrition  Class 

G — Other  Books  and  Pamphlets 
Hygiene 

Care  of  the  Teeth 

Children's  Teeth — A  Community  Re- 
sponsibility 

Every  Day  Mouth  Hygiene 

Forty  Notifiable  Diseases 

Health  Education 

Health  Education  in  Rural  Schools 

Health  Essentials  for  Rural  School 
Children 

Health  Work  in  the  Schools 

Hygiene  of  the  School  Child 

School  Hygiene 

Suggestions    for    Program    for    Health 

Teaching  in  Elementary  Grades 
Teaching  of  Hygiene  in  the  Grades 

Physiology 
Eyesight  of  School  Children 
Foot  and  Shoe  Charts 
Physiology,  Hygiene  and  Sanitation 

Sanitation 
Boys  and  Girls  of  Garden  City 
Civics  and  Health 
First  Aid 

Pamphlets  on  Fly  Campaigns 
Town  and  City 

Transmission  of  Disease  by  Flies 
Water    Supply,    Plumbing   and   Sewage 

Disposal   for    Country    Homes,    Bull. 

No.  57 


Lincoln 


U.    S.    Bureau    of    Education, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

E.  P.  Dutton  Co. 
Layton,  Dr.  Edwin  A.,  Director 
of  Health,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

National  Tuberculosis  Ass'n 
U.    S.    Bureau    of    Education, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Elizabeth  McCormick  Memorial 

Fund,  848  N.  Dearborn  St., 

Chicago,  111. 
Appleton  and  Co. 

44  Dwight  St.,  Boston 
44  Dwight  St.,  Boston 
Child  Health  Organization 

on  Hygiene,  Physiology  and  Sanitation 


Emerson 


Hyatt 


Head 
Byrd 
Payne 
Andress 

Wood 

Hoag    &    Ter- 

man 
Terman 
Bergerstern 


Andress 

Berkowitz 

Jewett 


Metropolitan  Life  Ins.  Co. 

U.  S.  Public  Health  Service 
W.  B.  Saunders  Co. 
World  Book  Co. 
Lyons  &  Carnahan 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

American  Medical  Ass'n 

Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
F.  A.  Stokes  Co. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education 
Woman's  Press,  N.  Y.  City 
Ginn  &  Co. 


Dawson  Ginn  &  Co. 

Allen  Ginn  &  Co. 

Am.   Red    Cross    P.  Blakiston's  Son  &  Co. 

International  Harvester  Co. 
Jewett  Ginn  &  Co. 

U.  S.  Public  Health  Service 


U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture 


(See  also  books  listed  in  §6) 
46 


Constitution  and  By-Laws  for  a  Health  Crusade  Club 

The  following  constitution  and  by-laws  are  standard  for  a  Health   Club: 

Constitution 

Article  I — Name 
The  name  of  this  club  of  Modern  Health  Crusaders  shall  be 

Article  H — Objects 
The  objects  of  the  club  shall  be  the  formation  of  good  health  habits  by  the  mem- 
bers; the  spread  of  knowledge  concerning  the  prevention  of  disease;  participation  in 
athletics;  cooperation  with  teachers,  principal,  school  nurse  and  janitor  in  the  interest 
of  health;  and  the  improvement  of  sanitary  conditions  in  school,  homes,  yards  and 
streets.  It  shall  be  the  aim  of  each  member  to  stand  for  clean  thought,  clean  speech, 
clean  sports,  and  for  loyalty  to  the  club,  school  and  community. 

Article  HI — Government 

The  general  plans  and  program  of  the  club  shall  be  determined  by  its  members  and 
under  the  advice  of  the  Crusade  master.  The  Crusade  master  is  the  teacher  or  adult 
appointed.  The  execution  of  the  program  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  with  whom  shall  rest  the  executive  management  of  the  club.  Should 
there  be  more  than  one  club  in  this  city  (town),  the  executive  committees  of  all  clubs 
shall  be  a  central  committee  of  directors  with  power  to  coordinate  the  activities  of  the 
several  clubs.  The  members  of  this  central  committee  shall  elect  a  chairman  from 
their  number. 

The  constitution  and  by-laws  may  be  amended  at  any  meeting  of  the  club  upon 
two-thirds  vote,  provided  that  notice  of  such  proposed  amendment  shall  have  been 
given  to  each  member  at  least  ten  days  before  the  meeting. 

By-Laws 

Number  1 — Membership 

The  members  of  the  club  shall  be  pupils  of  this  school  (class)  who  have  met  the  re- 
quirements for  enrollment  as  Modern  Health  Crusaders,  Membership  in  this  club  is 
for  the  term  covered  by  the  member's  certificate  of  enrollment  as  a  Modern  Health 
Crusader. 

All  Modern  Health  Crusaders,  members  of  this  club,  shall  have  equal  votes  in  meet- 
ings of  the  club,  regardless  of  their  rank.  The  quorum  required  for  transaction  of 
business  at  a  meeting  of  the  club  is  five  members.  The  total  membership  must  be  at 
least  seven. 

The  club  may  elect  such  adult  honorary  members  as  it  chooses,  for  services  or  on 

payment  of  dues  of  not  less  than  $ Honorary  members  may  participate  in  the 

discussions  of  the  club,  but  shall  have  no  vote. 

Number  2 — Officers 

The  officers  of  the  club  elected  from  the  members  shall  be  Captain  (president), 
Lieutenant  (vice-president)  and  Herald  (secretary).  To  retain  office  each  of  these 
officers  must  do  75  per  cent,  of  the  health  chores  per  week  during  at  least  three-fourths 
of  the  weeks  of  his  term. 

The  term  of  office  for  Captain,  Lieutenant  and  Herald  shall  be  three  months  (or  a 
school  term). 

Health  inspectors  and  similar  officers  may  be  appointed  by  the  Crusade  master  or 
elected  from  the  members  for  specified  periods  of  time. 

Number  3 — Executive  Committee 

The  elected  officers  of  the  club  and  the  Crusade  master  shall  be  the  Executive 
Committee. 

Number  4 — Meetings 

The  club  shall  hold  meetings  monthly  between  the  first  and  tenth  days.     Additional 

meetings  may  be  held.     Members  failing  to  attend  at  least meetings  within  each 

four  months  of  their  membership  shall  be  subject  to  expulsion  and  forfeiture  of  titles 
and  badges. 

The  election  of  officers  shall  occur  at  meetings  at  intervals  of  three  months.  In 
event  of  a  vacancy  the  Executive  Committee  may  call  a  special  meeting  to  elect  a  suc- 
cessor for  the  unfilled  term  of  office. 

Procedure  for  Meetings 
The  following  form  of  parliamentary  procedure  may  be  used:  call  to  order;  roll 
call;  signing  of  constitution  by  new  members;  reading  minutes  of  last  meeting;  reports 
of  committees;  new  business;  adjournment.  Crusaders  should  be  called  on  to  vote 
frequently  and  take  an  active  part.  Reports  of  committees  should  be  acted  on  in  a 
businesslike  way. 

47 


^B  BC^^? 


I  believe  in  my  country,  and  in  the  good  citizenship  of  its  people. 

I  believe  that  to  support  my  country  I  must  have  Health,  Strength  and  Hoi 

I  love  my  country's  Flag.    To  me  its  bright  red  stands  for  bright  red  blood, 
means  energy  and  power,  cheerfulness  and  hope,  human  kindness  and  the  joy  of 
Its  pure  white  stands  for  clean  bodies  which  house  clean  minds.     Its  blue  stan^ 
the  clear  sky,  the  sunshine,  fresh  air,  play  and  exercise. 

As  an  American  I  will  be  a  faithful  soldier  in  the  children's  army  of  peac| 
Modern  Health  Crusade. 

State  Distributors  for  the  Modern  Health  Crusade 

Alabama  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  308  N.  21st  St.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Arizona  Anti-Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  300  E.  Adams  St.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Arkansas  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Donaghey  Bldg.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
California  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Griffith-McKenzie  Bldg.,  Fresno,  Cal. 
Colorado  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Barth  Bldg.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Conn.  State  Tuberculosis  Commission,   State  Capitol,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Delaware  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society,  1305  W.  13th  St.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
District  of  Columbia  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  923  H  St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Florida   Public  Health  Ass'n,  Dyal-Upchurch  Bldg.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Georgia  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Idaho  Anti-Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  National  Bank  Bldg.,  Boise,  Idaho. 
Illinois  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  516  E.  Monroe  St.,  Springfield,  111. 

(Cook  County)   Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute,  8  S.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago, 
Indiana  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  1134  Pythian  Bldg.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Iowa  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Century  Bldg.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
Kansas  State  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  106  W.  9th  St.,  Topeka,  Kansas. 
Kentucky  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  532  W.  Main  St.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Louisiana  Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  730  Common  St.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Maine  Public  Health  Ass'n,  318  Water  St.,  Augusta,  Maine. 
Maryland  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  704  N.  Howard  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Massachusetts  Tuberculosis  League,  Little  Bldg.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Michigan  Anti-Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  209  Shiawassee  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 
Minnesota  Public  Health  Ass'n,  300  Shubert  Bldg.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Mississippi  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Merchants  Bank  Bldg.,  Jackson,  Miss. 
Missouri  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Pontiac  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Montana  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  State  Capitol,  Helena,  Mont. 
Nebraska  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Brandeis  Theatre  Bldg.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Nevada  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Reno,  Nev. 

New  Hampshire  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  City  Mission  Bldg.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 
New  Jersey  Tuberculosis  League,  45  Clinton  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
New  Mexico  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
(N.  Y.)  State  Charities  Aid  Ass'n,  105  E.  22nd  St.,  New  York  City. 

(New  York  City)  New  York  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  10  E.  39th  St.,  New  York 

Brooklyn  Bureau  of  Charities,  69  Schermerhorn  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
North  Carolina  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Sanatorium,  N.  C. 
North  Dakota  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Tribune  Bldg.,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 
Ohio  Public  Health  Ass'n,  83  S.  4th  St.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Oklahoma  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Oklahoman  Bldg.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Oregon  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Selling  Bldg.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Pennsylvania  Tuberculosis  Society,  10  S.  18th  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(Pittsburgh)  Tuberculosis  League,  2851  Bedford  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Philippine  Islands  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society,  P.  O.  Box  281,  Manila,  P.  I. 
Rhode  Island  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  109  Washington  St.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
South  Carolina  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Liberty  Bank  Bldg.,  Columbia,  S.  C. 
South  Dakota  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Huron,  S.  D. 
Tennessee  Anti-Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  506  Cedar  St.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Texas  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Littlefield  Bldg.,  Austin,  Texas. 
Utah  Public  Health  Ass'n,  State  Capitol  Bldg.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Vermont  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  139  Church  St.,  Burlington,  Vt. 
Virginia  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Washington  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Thompson  Bldg.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
West  Virginia  Tuberculosis  Ass'n,  Davidson  Bldg.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
Wisconsin  Anti-Tuberculosis  Ass'n.  558  Jefferson  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Wyoming  Public  Health  Ass'n,  Citizens  National  Bank  Bldg.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

48 


U.C.  BERKELEY  UBRAR'ES 


C02T315752 


